高中数学教学中教材与学案的使用现状及策略研究

发布时间：2019-06-06 10:17

【摘要】：随着教学改革的深入和发展,江苏省内许多学校给学生准备了学案,开展学案教学.其本意是为了让学生更全面、更系统、更有目标地学习.事实上,高中教学评价的内容基本来源于教科书.教科书才是学校进行学科知识传授的主要载体.但是随着学案的出现,笔者发现教科书的地位和作用大大降低.一方面,部分学生上课只用学案,教科书沦为了摆设,只有等到其需要解答课后习题或完成课后作业时才会打开课本.对于一些课本上的细节知识可能知之甚少,甚至不知道；另一方面,教师在教学中依赖学案,尽管这些学案可能来自其他兄弟学校或者本校其他教师,再或者直接从网上下载.教师只是粗略地查看教材,在没有自我思考的前提下直接利用他人的教学设计进行授课,如此其教学效果可能大打折扣.教材的使用情况令人堪忧.因此,研究如何处理好教科书与学案的关系,对学生学习及教师教学都具有重要的意义.论文运用文献资料法分析了教科书与学案在学习过程中的功能及地位,同时运用问卷调查法和访谈法进一步分析了教科书和学案之间存在的突出问题.笔者对扬州大学附属中学、江苏省邗江中学、扬州市新华中学、江苏省靖江高级中学、江苏省建湖高级中学部分教师及学生进行了调查及访谈.通过对这些调查结果与访谈结果的分析,论文得出教材与学案各自的优缺点如下：导学案的优点主要在于其层次结构比较清晰流畅,可以给教师教学提供一个参考的空间；题目类型相对比较丰富,可以让学生见识到更多的题目类型,有利于提高学生的解题能力.其缺点主要在于其编写形式比较单一,流于形式；教师上课时只是按照学案上的流程走,疏于思考,不利于教学质量的提高；导学案沦为教材的复制品或者作业本,习题化倾向严重；缺少对反思总结的关注.对于教材,其优点主要表现在以下两个方面,一方面为教师教学提供了最好的辅助工具,另一方面可以为学生的学习提供了很好的帮助.其缺点在于不利于适应学生的个别差异,从而可能抑制学生的好奇心和创造性.论文最后从学校、教师、学生以及学案与教材质量的提高四个角度方面分别论述处理教材与学案关系的对策及建议.对于学校来说,学校要注重对教师的培训,教师要努力提高导学案的编写质量；指导对教师的教学理论学习,使其对自己的角色必须有一个新的定位,教师角色由知识传授者转变为探索者、指导者、学习者、反思者；鼓励在教学中善于创新的教师,开设公开课或进行赛课,有利于教师之间互相学习,取长补短,提高其教学技能；敢于放手,不能专制,让教师和学生去选择适合学生的教辅资料.对于教师而言,要从整体上钻研、掌握教材,同时依据学情编制学案；指导学生学会使用学案和教材,合理处理教材与学案的关系；创造性地使用教材,提高课堂教学质量.对于学生来说,改变将“导学案”等同于“习题册”的观念,根据“导学案”内容认真进行课本预习,完成学案的预习部分；课堂上注意做好学习方法和规律的笔记,善于总结归纳典型的思想方法；注重将“导学案”进行归类整理,将之形成一种行为习惯.最后,注重教材与学案质量的提高.
[Abstract]:With the deepening and development of the teaching reform, many schools in Jiangsu province have prepared a case for students to carry out the teaching of the case. It is intended to allow students to learn more fully, more systematically, and more. In fact, the content of the high school teaching evaluation is basically from the textbook. The textbook is the main carrier of the school's knowledge transfer. But with the appearance of the case, the author has found that the status and function of the textbook are greatly reduced. On the one hand, part of the student's class is only a case, the textbook is reduced to a set, only when it needs to answer the after-school exercises or complete the after-school homework, the textbook will be opened. There may be little or no knowledge about the details of some classes; on the other hand, the teacher relies on the case in the teaching, although the cases may come from other brother schools or other teachers of the school, or downloaded directly from the Internet. The teacher is only a cursory examination of the teaching material, and can directly use the teaching design of others without self-thinking, so that the teaching effect can be greatly reduced. The use of teaching materials is worrying. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to deal with the relationship between the textbook and the case and to study the students and the teaching of the teacher. The paper analyzes the function and position of the textbook and the case in the course of the study by using the literature, and further analyzes the outstanding problems between the textbook and the case by using the questionnaire method and the interview method. The author investigated and interviewed some teachers and students in the middle school of Yangzhou University, the middle school of Jiangsu Province, the Xinhua Middle School of Yangzhou, the senior middle school of Jingjiang, Jiangsu Province, and the senior middle school of Jianhu in Jiangsu Province. Through the analysis of these findings and the results of the interview, the paper draws the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching material and the study case as follows: the advantages of the study case are that the hierarchical structure is clear and smooth, and the teaching of the teacher can be provided with a reference space; the subject type is relatively rich, It is helpful for students to see more of the subject types and to improve the students' ability to solve problems. The disadvantage is that the written form is relatively single, and it is in the form; the teacher's class is only on the basis of the process of the study case, and it is not conducive to the improvement of the teaching quality; the lead-in case is reduced to a copy of the teaching material or the operation book, and the problem of the exercise is serious; Lack of attention to the summary of reflection. For the teaching materials, the advantages of the teaching material are mainly in the following two aspects, on the one hand, the best auxiliary tool is provided for the teaching of the teacher, and on the other hand, a good help can be provided for the student's study. The disadvantage of the present invention is that it is not good for the students to be adapted to the students' personal differences, so that the students' curiosity and creativity can be restrained. At last, the paper discusses the countermeasures and suggestions of the relationship between the teaching material and the study case from four aspects: the school, the teachers, the students and the improvement of the quality of the teaching materials. For the school, the school should pay attention to the training of the teacher, the teacher should improve the writing quality of the study case, guide the study of the teacher's teaching theory, make it have a new orientation to the role of the teacher, the teacher's role is changed from the knowledge-imparting person to the seeker, the instructor, The learners, the introspectors, the teachers who are good at innovation in the teaching, open an open class or conduct a course, are beneficial to the mutual learning among the teachers, make up the short, improve their teaching skills, dare to let go, can't be autocratic, let the teachers and the students choose the teaching and auxiliary materials suitable for the students. For teachers, to study and master the teaching materials as a whole, and to prepare the case according to the study situation; to guide the students to learn to use the case and teaching materials, to properly deal with the relationship between the teaching materials and the case; to use the teaching materials creatively and to improve the quality of the classroom teaching. For the students, change the idea that the "the case of the lead" is equal to the "a book of exercises", make the textbook pre-study carefully according to the "the case of the lead" content, finish the pre-study part of the study case, take notes of the learning methods and rules in the class, and be good at summarizing the typical thought method; Pay attention to the classification and arrangement of the "the case of the lead" to form a behavior habit. Finally, attention is paid to the improvement of the quality of the teaching material and the case.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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