中学历史导入教学的优化研究

发布时间：2019-06-11 21:48

【摘要】：“良好的开端是成功的一半”,课堂导入的作用十分重要,它肩负着集中学生注意力,点明主题和主导整个课堂等任务。一堂好的历史课的导入设计会发人深思,引人入胜,从而激发学生学习探究的欲望,引导学生主动学习。反之如果我们的导入设计了无新意、缺乏生气的话,学生也不会积极参与,从而造成学习有效性的降低。文章首先从课堂导入的含义入手,分别从不同角度概括和总结了课堂导入。课堂导入是整个教学的首要和重要的组成部分,笔者从提供必要的信息引起学生的注意,使学生进入学习的准备状态：设置问题情境和制造学习气氛,引起学生的求知需求,激发学习兴趣；承上启下,促进新旧知识的链接；总领教学过程等方面进行总结了课堂导入的功能。文章从历史教学的角度出发,系统地对导入教学的特征作了归纳,阐明了启导性、概括性、定向性的特点。课堂导入的方法有很多,本文从讲述导入、多媒体导入和活动导入三个大的方面进行了总结分类。在分析导入方法的同时,根据教育学内容提出了导入教学的理论基础分别是学习兴趣理论、建构主义理论、现行组织者理论、最近发展区理论。通过课堂观察、师生访谈、查阅资料等方式对中学历史导入现状进行了剖析,分析当前历史导入成功的经验和失败的教训。成功的导入通过几个简单的案例呈现出来,同时理论联系实际地分析了一些导入过程中出现的问题,像忽视历史发展细节、附会时政而忽略历史发展规律、标新立异而忽视历史本质特征、冗长拖沓、不重视导入、导入方式单一、导入时间把握不准、导入脱离课本、脱离学生、语言表达欠缺。既然有问题就会有成因,本文从传统教学思想的束缚、对学生主体地位认识不明确、教师学习理论欠缺三个方面分析了问题缘由。有问题存在就得寻求解决问题的方法,本文中提出导入教学的优化与提升,从中学历史导入教学的基本要求和策略两方面进行论述。本文从理论与实践的角度出发,对中学历史课堂导入进行了系统论述,希望此研究对中学历史教学能够提供理论上的帮助和借鉴。
[Abstract]:"A good start is half the success." the role of classroom introduction is very important. It shoulders the task of focusing students' attention, pointing out the theme and leading the whole classroom. The introduction design of a good history class will be thought-provoking and fascinating, so as to stimulate students' desire to learn and explore and guide students to learn actively. On the contrary, if our introduction design is not new, lack of vitality, students will not actively participate, resulting in the reduction of learning effectiveness. Starting with the meaning of classroom introduction, this paper summarizes and summarizes classroom introduction from different angles. Classroom introduction is the first and important part of the whole teaching. The author summarizes the function of classroom introduction from the aspects of providing necessary information to attract students' attention and making students enter the state of preparation for learning: setting up problem situation and creating learning atmosphere, arousing students' demand for knowledge and arousing interest in learning; connecting the above with the following, promoting the link between new and old knowledge; and leading the teaching process. From the point of view of history teaching, this paper systematically sums up the characteristics of the introduction teaching, and expounds the characteristics of guidance, generality and orientation. There are many methods of classroom introduction. This paper summarizes and classifies the three aspects of introduction, multimedia import and activity introduction. At the same time, according to the content of pedagogy, this paper puts forward that the theoretical basis of introduction teaching is learning interest theory, constructivism theory, current organizer theory and recent development area theory. This paper analyzes the present situation of history introduction in middle school through classroom observation, teacher-student interview and data reference, and analyzes the successful experience and failure lessons of the current history introduction. The successful introduction is presented through several simple cases, and at the same time, some problems in the process of introduction are analyzed theoretically and realistically, such as neglecting the details of historical development, neglecting the law of historical development, innovating and neglecting the essential characteristics of history, long and procrastination, not paying attention to introduction, single way of introduction, uncertain introduction time, introducing away from textbooks, breaking away from students, and lacking language expression. Since there are problems, there will be causes, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems from three aspects: the shackles of traditional teaching ideas, the unclear understanding of the subject status of students, and the lack of teachers' learning theory. If there is a problem, we have to find a way to solve the problem. This paper puts forward the optimization and promotion of introduction teaching, and discusses the basic requirements and strategies of introducing history into teaching in middle school. From the point of view of theory and practice, this paper systematically discusses the introduction of middle school history classroom, hoping that this study can provide theoretical help and reference for middle school history teaching.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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