认知科学视角下的假信息话语研究及对对外汉语教学的启示

发布时间：2018-04-11 20:31

本文选题：假信息话语 + 认知科学　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在日常的交际过程中,我们把话语传递的信息称为言语信息,言语信息有真实和虚假之分即言语真实信息和言语假信息,国内外不同的学者从不同的角度用不同的理论对言语信息进行了分析探讨,然而对言语假信息的研究很少有学者从认知科学的视角来研究,并探讨言语假信息在汉语作为第二语言教学中的影响。本文在钱冠连先生对言语假信息探讨的基础上,从目的——意图出发,对言语假信息的定义有所扩大,指出了言语信息的真实和虚假不是以事实为根据而是以事实与目的——意图的是否相符为依据,同时为方便研究探讨,把本文所研究的信息话语称为假信息话语。本文在认知科学的基础上,从人的大脑内部认知结构出发,探讨人的学习过程,指出产生假信息话语的原因。进而根据假信息话语的表现形式对假信息话语进行层次性和递进性的划分,即对假信息话语的主要宏观类别是从表现形式来划分,在表现形式下进行更为细致的划分。在宏观分类上,假信息话语主要分为三类：词语一类的假信息话语、句子一类的假信息话语和两个句子以上的假信息话语。在宏观分类的基础上更进一步的分类,词语一类的假信息话语可以分为：泛化亲属称谓语的假信息话语、泛化社会称谓语的假信息话语、在工作生活中对上司领导称谓词语的假信息话语、关系亲密的人之间词语称谓的假信息话语、绰号称谓词语的假信息话语、委婉语类称谓词语的假信息话语、方言词语的假信息话语、新词带来的假信息话语；句子一类的假信息话语分为：熟人之间的问候语,人与人之间的寒暄语：两个句子以上的假信息话语有：以假代真、以假隐真、以假避真、以假显真、以假还假、以假引真等方式。两个句子以上的假信息话语与句子一类的假信息话语的主要区别在于前者作为一种交际策略,其语境一般是不固定的,而后者的语境一般是固定的。通过对假信息话语的表现形式进行分类,笔者总结出了假信息话语的欺骗性是其最重要的特征,这种特征是与假信息话语中的目的——意图相符合的。对于假信息话语的识别,一般而言是没有绝对的判断标准,笔者认为主要从两个方面判断：一方面是根据含有静态文化因素的固定语境对假信息话语进行识别,一方面是根据动态的语境对假信息话语进行识别；也就是说信息主体要对交往过程中的预设即背景知识有足够的了解,这样才能对所有的假信息话语完全了解。如何进行在认知科学基础上的含有假信息话语的对外汉语教学,笔者认为需要尊重个体认知规律,对不同语言的假信息话语进行研究对比；并为学习者提供合适的二语环境；认识教学对象的元认知特点和认知风格；在各类对外汉语教材的编写上,需要有实用性和趣味性、针对性和系统性；在课堂上教师要传授难易适中的内容并需要采用多样的教学手段和教学方法。
[Abstract]:In the course of daily communication , we refer to the information as speech information , the speech information has real and false marks , namely , the real and false information of words and the false information of speech . Different scholars at home and abroad use different theories to analyze the speech information from different angles . However , there are few researches on the false information of speech from the perspective of cognitive science , and the influence of speech false information in Chinese as the second language teaching is discussed .

On the basis of cognitive science , the author points out that the truth and falsity of the speech information is based on the fact and the purpose _ intention or not . In the macroscopic classification , the false information words such as the false information words , the false information words , the false information words , the false information words , the false information words , the false information words , the false information words of the dialect words and the false information words of the new words .
The false information discourse of a kind of sentence is divided into : the greeting between the acquaintances , the chilling language between the person and the person : the false information words above the two sentences are in the same way as the false information words . The main difference between the false information words and the false information words in the sentence is that the former serves as a communication strategy , and the context of the latter is generally fixed .
That is , the information subject should have sufficient knowledge of the preset background knowledge in the course of communication , so that all false information words can be fully understood .

How to carry out the foreign language teaching containing false information words on the basis of cognitive science , the author thinks it is necessary to respect the individual cognitive rules and study the false information words in different languages ;
so as to provide a suitable two - language environment for learners ;
To recognize the meta - cognitive characteristics and cognitive style of teaching objects ;
In the preparation of all kinds of foreign language teaching materials , there is a need for practicability and interest , pertinence and systematicness .
Teachers should teach difficult content in class and need to adopt various teaching methods and teaching methods .

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】