时间词“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 12:17

本文选题：时间范畴 + 时相　；参考：《华中科技大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： “刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”都可以表示不久前的时间,意义相近,但是用法不同。本文主要研究“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”在表达时间意义时意义和用法的区别,从对外汉语教学中留学生出现的偏误出发,依托龚千炎先生的《汉语的时相时制时态》中的相关理论,分别从时相、时制、时态三个方面论述了“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”与汉语时间表达的关系。并在此基础上比较三者在语义特征、句法特征、语用特征上的不同。语义特征上,从表达的时间是时点还是时段;是客观还是主观;三者在时间轴上的参照时点有何不同这三个方面做了论述。提出时间副词“刚”、“刚刚”也可以表示时点意义,“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”表达时间的客观性和主观性都带有一定的相对性,并且系统归纳了它们在时间轴上的参照点。句法特征上,主要从以下几个方面做了阐述:与完成、实现时态“了1”、“了2”、“已经”的共现情况;与近经历时态“来着”和经历时态“过”的共现情况;与进行、持续时态“着”、“在”、“正在”、“正”的共现情况;与否定词“不”、“没(有)”的共现情况;与他类副词连用情况。根据刑福义先生(1990)将“刚刚”划分为“刚刚1”和“刚刚2”两个的观点,本文着重探讨了如何辨别句中出现的“刚刚”是“刚刚1”还是“刚刚2”。这也是本文的一大创新之处。语用特征上,主要认为“刚”、“刚才”是语体上的中性词;“刚刚”多用于口语述说,在书面表达中“刚”、“刚才”的使用频率远远高于“刚刚”。本文还着重讨论了“刚刚”一般不能与“一X就Y”共现,除了节律上的制约外还因为“刚刚”本身就带有强调的意思,强调时间间不容发,所以不能和“一X就Y”连用。因此有时候语用功能可以影响句法结构,引起与其他词语之间共现能力的差异。本文在前人研究的基础上开辟新角度,采用新方法,描写和解释相结合,力求弄清“刚”、“刚刚”和“刚才”三者的区别。
[Abstract]:"Gang", "just" and "just now" can both indicate the recent time and have similar meanings, but they are used differently.This paper mainly studies the difference between the meaning and usage of "Gang", "just" and "just" in expressing the meaning of time, starting from the errors of foreign students in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.On the basis of the relevant theories in Gong Qianyan's "tense tense in Chinese", this paper discusses the relationship between "Gang", "just" and "just" and Chinese time expression from three aspects: tense, tense and tense.On the basis of this, the differences of semantic features, syntactic features and pragmatic features among the three are compared.In terms of semantic features, this paper discusses whether the time of expression is a point of time or a period of time; whether it is objective or subjective; and what is the difference between the three points of reference time on the time axis.Put forward time adverb "Gang", "just" can also indicate the meaning of time, "Gang", "just" and "just" express the objectivity and subjectivity of time with certain relativity.Their reference points on the time axis are summarized systematically.Syntactic features are mainly described from the following aspects: the co-occurrence of "1", "2", "already" in the realization tense, and the co-occurrence with the nearly experienced tense and the experiential tense;The co-occurrence of the persistent tense of "Zhe", "being", "being", "positive"; the co-occurrence with the negative "no", "no"; the use with other adverbs.According to the viewpoint that "just" is divided into "just 1" and "just 2", this paper focuses on how to distinguish whether "just 1" or "just 2" appears in sentence.This is also a major innovation of this paper.In pragmatic features, it is believed that "Gang" and "just now" are neutral words in the stylistic style, and "just" is used more frequently in spoken English than "just" in written expression. The use of "Gang" and "just just" is much higher than that of "just".This paper also discusses that "just" generally can not co-appear with "one X on Y". Besides the rhythmic restriction, "just" itself has the meaning of emphasis and emphasizes that time is not in time, so it can not be used with "one X on Y".Therefore, sometimes pragmatic functions can affect syntactic structures and lead to differences in co-occurrence ability with other words.On the basis of previous studies, this paper opens up a new angle, adopts a new method, combines description and explanation, and tries to find out the differences among "Gang", "just" and "just".
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146

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