对外汉语教材中级阶段的当代文化教学研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 02:03

本文选题：对外汉语教学 + 中级阶段　；参考：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文综合了语言学、教育学、文化学、跨文化交际等方面的理论研究成果,梳理了几十年来我国对外汉语教材的研究状况,选取了具有代表性的两套中级对外汉语综合教材作为分析样本,详尽地统计了两套教材中所涉及的当代文化项目。总结了对外汉语教材的发展情况及文化教学的大纲与教材问题研究的现状,并且根据自制的“文化需求调查问卷”和“文化试题”的数据统计,分析了汉语习得者对文化教学的看法和需求。在两套中级对外汉语综合教材存在的问题主要表现在：与知识类文化项目相比较,交际规约类文化项日比重偏小；对中国历史、传统文化介绍居多,对当代中国文化的介绍偏少；文化项目的分级上还有欠缺；与学生的学习兴趣和学习需求相对照,文化项目还不够系统、针对性不强,教材对文化差异的关照不多,导致习得者学习困难；教材对文化教学的配合和衔接不够,严重影响习得者的学习效果。汉语习得者对中国文化的兴趣增大,但是他们在对外汉语学习过程中由于文化差异、教材的文化内容编写不尽合理、教师的文化教学水平还不够等原因,汉语的学习困难较大,学习效果不佳,他们对利用汉语知识和文化进行交际的需求在不断增强,对对外汉语文化教学的要求亦在不断提高。教材是对外汉语教学的重要辅助文本,为促进对外汉语文化教学,教材编写应该改进教材存在的问题、满足汉语习得者对文化教学的需求。应该充分考虑语言与文化的内在关系,遵循可操作性、实用性原则,尽快制订文化大纲；在教材编写原则方面,坚持贯彻“结构-功能—文化”相结合原则；对文化内容难易程度进行定性分析,破除语言教材与文化教材的隔阂；关照文化差异,加强针对性；循序渐进,提高教材对不同课型、学习阶段的匹配度；在文化项目选编方面,重视交际文化知识的编写；在教师使用教材方面,教师必须明确教学目的,必须具备扎实的文化知识并根据具体情况教授文化内容。我国对外汉语教材只有合理增进文化教学因素,才能够增强对外汉语当代文化教学的效果,提高对外汉语文化教学的水平。
[Abstract]:This paper synthesizes the theoretical research achievements of linguistics, pedagogy, culture and intercultural communication, and summarizes the research status of Chinese teaching materials as a foreign language in China in the past decades. Two representative intermediate comprehensive textbooks for TCFL are selected as the analysis samples, and the contemporary cultural items involved in the two sets of textbooks are analyzed in detail. This paper summarizes the development of teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language and the current situation of the research on the outline of cultural teaching and the study of teaching materials, and according to the self-made "questionnaire on Cultural needs" and "Cultural Test questions" data statistics, This paper analyzes the views and demands of Chinese learners on culture teaching. The main problems in the two sets of intermediate comprehensive textbooks are as follows: compared with the cultural items of knowledge, the proportion of cultural items in the category of communication rules is relatively small, and the introduction of traditional culture to Chinese history is the majority. The introduction of contemporary Chinese culture is on the low side; there are still deficiencies in the classification of cultural projects; compared with students' interest in learning and learning needs, cultural projects are not systematic, targeted, and textbooks do not take much care of cultural differences. It leads to the learners' learning difficulties, and the insufficient cooperation and cohesion of the teaching materials to the culture teaching, which seriously affects the learners' learning effect. The interest of Chinese learners in Chinese culture has increased, but due to the cultural differences in the process of learning Chinese as a foreign language, the compilation of cultural contents in textbooks is not reasonable, the cultural teaching level of teachers is not enough, and the learning difficulties of Chinese are greater. Their demand for using Chinese knowledge and culture for communication is increasing, and the requirement for teaching Chinese as a foreign language culture is also increasing. Teaching material is an important auxiliary text in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In order to promote the teaching of culture as a foreign language, the compilation of teaching material should improve the problems existing in the teaching material to meet the needs of Chinese learners for cultural teaching. We should give full consideration to the internal relationship between language and culture, follow the principle of operability and practicability, and draw up the outline of culture as soon as possible, and adhere to the principle of combining structure, function and culture in the principle of compiling textbooks. Qualitative analysis of the degree of difficulty and ease of cultural content, breaking the gap between language teaching materials and cultural teaching materials, paying attention to cultural differences, strengthening pertinence, gradually improving the matching degree of teaching materials to different classes and learning stages; In the aspect of selecting and compiling cultural items, we should pay attention to the compilation of communicative cultural knowledge, and in the use of teaching materials, teachers must be clear about the purpose of teaching, have solid cultural knowledge and teach cultural contents according to specific conditions. Only by reasonably enhancing the factors of cultural teaching, can the teaching materials of Chinese as a foreign language enhance the effect of contemporary cultural teaching and improve the level of cultural teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H195.4

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