现代汉语指人名词研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 18:22
【摘要】： 现代汉语指人名词是从意义的角度划分出来的名词小类,指的是表示人的名词,其特点是具有“+[人]”的语义特征。本文立足词汇学和词汇语义学,结合社会、认知因素来探讨现代汉语指人名词指人的途径和方法,并研究现代汉语指人名词在词汇系统中的组织状态、发展和运用情况,是对现代汉语指人名词动态和静态相结合、描写和应用相结合的研究。 现代汉语指人名词是汉语有生名词研究的重点。本文的研究既可以进一步完善现代汉语有生名词的研究,也对辞书编纂过程中相关词条的处理和对外汉语教学中的指人名词教学具有借鉴意义。 本文共分七章。第一章为绪论;第二章研究汉语指人名词的产生途径;第三章研究指人名词的结构和意义;第四章研究指人名词的词汇类聚,第五章研究指人名词的共时动态运动,第六章研究指人名词的运用。第七章是本文的结语部分。 在第一章绪论中,确定了本文的研究对象,与称谓语、称呼语、人名和绰号等相关概念进行了区分,对以往的相关研究从语法学研究、词汇学研究和社会语言学研究三方面进行了综述,并对本文的研究方法、研究意义等进行了说明。 第二章首先根据指称对象的不同,把现代汉语指人名词分为三类:亲属类指人名词表示人与人之间的亲属关系,社会类指人名词表明人与人之间的社会关系,认知类指人名词则是从认知的角度揭示人对他人的种种看法。然后从社会、认知和语言三个方面阐述指人名词产生的原因和途径。现代汉语指人名词的产生,与社会交际的需要和人的思维规律密不可分,同时也是语言因素作用的结果。社会制度的变迁、社会生产的发展、社会生活的变化、社会观念的更新、社会心理的转变和中外文化的传播都为现代汉语指人名词的产生提供了充足的社会条件。现代认知科学表明,人类思维的概念化与范畴化,人类思维的隐喻、转喻、转指等思维方式,都在现代汉语指人名词的产生过程中发挥了重要作用。语言规律则决定了指人名词在语言中的最终形式。 第三章是对指人名词结构和意义的研究。首先从是否包含指人词素的角度入手,区分了为包含指人词素的和不含指人词素的两种情况。包含指人词素的指人名词,一般把指人词素作为核心词素,其他词素作为特征词素,特征词素义和核心词素义通过各种组合方式来揭示现代汉语指人名词的意义。但特征词素义不等于词义,词义还需要通过特征词素义去进一步揭示。不包含指人词素的指人名词,没有核心词素,是通过特征词素的组合来表示词义的。特征词素义的组合在揭示指人名词词义时,一般不是直接的,而是要通过一个过渡性词义。这个过渡性词义可能是动词词义,也可以是名词词义或形容词词义,然后通过比喻或者引申,才能与指人词义建立联系。现代汉语指人名词的意义可以概括为“……的人”的模式,前面是词的具体意义部分,揭示人的不同特点,后面的“人”是类属词。有的时候,根据词义理解的需要,“人”也可以换成其他表示类概念的指人词语。 第四章研究现代汉语指人名词的词汇类聚。现代汉语指人名词中蕴藏着许多大大小小的词汇类聚,有同义词、反义词、多义词等等不同的情况,还包括类属词、同位词、主题义族、对称关系名词、缩并关系名词和逆向关系名词特殊的指人名词词汇类聚。其中同义词和反义词数量最多、也最有特点,指人词素在构成指人同义词和指人反义词的过程中发挥了重要的作用。许多学者设想词汇和语义都像是语音、语法那样是成系统的,只是如何揭示这种系统性有不同认识。许多学者设想汉语中存在“人”这一语义场,但还没有人把现代汉语中的“人”这个语义场完整地揭示出来。本文的研究揭示了一部分指人名词系统的面貌,为揭示“人”这个语义场提供了借鉴。 第五章从动态的角度研究现代汉语指人名词。词汇的共时运动形式是动态词汇学关注的重要方面。目前,汉语词汇正处于一个非常活跃的时期,现代汉语指人名词,也在汉语词汇发展的大潮中不断变化。新的指人名词不断产生,同时一些旧的指人名词在慢慢隐退,指人名词的词义也发生了很大的变化。本文还特别对现代指人名词中很有特色的同族词现象进行了研究,认为指人同族词具有很强的能产性,同族词的发展具有不平衡性,大量同族词的产生对现代汉语指人名词系统带来了很大的影响。 第六章也是动态研究,探讨了指人名词在语境中的不同情况。在语境中,现代汉语指人名词的词义由静态变为了动态,产生了许多临时性的言语成分,这些临时性的言语成分体现在语音、词义、语法和修辞各个方面。使用指人名词可以起到很好的表达作用,可以表明人际关系,揭示人物心理,显示人物地位,说明人物处境,指明人物角色的转变。但错误地使用指人名词则会给语言表达带来消极影响。 第七章是结语部分,简要地概括了本文的主要结论,并提出了今后继续深入研究的思路和方向。现代汉语指人名词研究是一个有待继续挖掘的领域,今后我们将在组合研究、历时研究和比较研究等方面进一步探讨。我们希望能通过对这一领域的研究,充分展示现代汉语指人名词的面貌,并为将来指物名词的研究、对指人的动词、形容词的研究奠定一定的基础。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese refers to the nouns divided from the point of meaning, which refers to the expression of a person's noun, which is characterized by a semantic feature of "+ [human]". This paper, based on lexicology and lexical semantics, combines social and cognitive factors to explore the ways and methods of referring people to people in modern Chinese, and to study modern Chinese people. The state of organization, development and application of nouns in the lexical system is a study of the combination of the dynamic and static combination of human nouns in modern Chinese and the combination of description and application.
The research on human noun in modern Chinese is the key point in the study of Chinese nouns. This study can not only further improve the research of modern Chinese nouns, but also have reference to the processing of Related words in the compilation process of the dictionary and the teaching of referential nouns in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter studies the way of producing Chinese nouns; the third chapter studies the structure and significance of human nouns; the fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of human nouns; the fifth chapter studies the synchronic dynamic movement of human nouns; the sixth chapter studies the use of human nouns. The seventh chapter is the concluding part of this article.
In the first chapter, the object of this study is determined, and the related concepts such as appellation, address, name and nickname are distinguished, and the previous studies are reviewed from three aspects of linguistics, lexicology and sociolinguistics, and the research methods and significance of this paper are also explained.
The second chapter, firstly, divides the modern Chinese into three categories according to the different referential objects, and the relative category refers to the relationship between people and people, the social category refers to the social relations between people and people, and the cognitive category refers to the views of people from the perspective of cognition. The three aspects of knowledge and language are the reasons and ways of the production of human nouns. Modern Chinese refers to the emergence of human nouns. It is closely related to the needs of social communication and the law of human thinking. It is also the result of the role of language factors. The changes of social system, social production, social changes, social concepts, and social psychology. The transformation and the spread of Chinese and foreign culture all provide sufficient social conditions for the emergence of modern Chinese nouns. Modern cognitive science shows that the conceptualization and categorization of human thinking, metaphor of human thinking, metonymy and transfer of reference have played an important role in the process of the generation of human name words in modern Chinese. It determines the final form of human nouns in language.
The third chapter is the study of the structure and meaning of the person's noun. First, from the point of view of whether the meaning of the human morpheme is included, it distinguishes two cases of the morpheme including the human morpheme and the non finger morpheme. It includes the human noun which refers to the human morpheme, and generally regards the morpheme as the core morpheme, and his morpheme is the characteristic morpheme, the characteristic morpheme meaning and the core. The meaning of the morpheme is to reveal the meaning of the human noun in modern Chinese. However, the meaning of the characteristic morpheme is not equal to the meaning of the word, and the meaning of the word needs to be further revealed by the characteristic morpheme meaning. In revealing the meaning of a person's noun, it is generally not direct, but through a transitional meaning. This transitional word may be a verb meaning, or a noun word or an adjective meaning, and then can be connected with the meaning of a person through a metaphor or extension. The meaning of the present generation of Chinese refers to the person's noun. The pattern of "" is the concrete meaning part of the word, which reveals the different characteristics of the human, and the "man" behind is a class word. Sometimes, according to the need of understanding of the meaning of the word, "man" can also be replaced by other words which represent the concept of the class.
The fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of modern Chinese referring to human nouns. In modern Chinese, there are many large and small lexical cohesion in Chinese nouns, including synonyms, antonyms, polysemous words and so on. It also includes generic words, synonyms, subject sense families, symmetric relation nouns, constriction nouns and reverse relation nouns special names. Words and antonyms are the most important and the most characteristic. The morpheme plays an important role in the process of forming the synonym and the human antonym. Many scholars assume that vocabulary and semantics are sound like phonetics and grammar is systematic, but how to reveal this system with different knowledge. There is a sense of "man" in Chinese, but no one has completely revealed the semantic field of "man" in modern Chinese. This study reveals some of the features of the human noun system, and provides a reference for revealing the semantic field of "man".
The fifth chapter studies the noun in modern Chinese from a dynamic point of view. The synchronic form of the vocabulary is an important aspect of the attention of dynamic lexicology. At present, Chinese vocabulary is in a very active period. Modern Chinese refers to human nouns, and is also constantly changing in the tide of Chinese vocabulary development. The old denoting nouns have been slowly retreated and the meaning of the human noun has also changed greatly. This paper also studies the characteristics of the same clan words in modern man's nouns. It is considered that the words of the same ethnic group are very productive, the development of the same clan words is unbalance, and the production of a large number of the same clan words refers to the name of the modern Chinese. The word system has a great impact.
The sixth chapter is also a dynamic study. In the context, in the context, modern Chinese refers to the meaning of human noun from static to dynamic, which produces a lot of temporary speech components. These temporary speech components are embodied in all aspects of speech, word meaning, grammar and rhetoric. A good expression can show the interpersonal relationship, reveal the psychology of the characters, show the status of the characters, explain the situation of the characters, and indicate the change of the characters' roles. But the incorrect use of the nouns of the finger can bring negative effects on the expression of the language.
The seventh chapter is the concluding part, briefly summarizing the main conclusions of this article, and putting forward the thinking and direction of further research in the future. The research of modern Chinese referring to human noun is a field that needs to be further excavated. In the future we will further discuss in the aspects of combinatorial studies, diachronic studies and comparative studies. We hope to pass this to this The study of one field fully shows the appearance of the noun in modern Chinese and the research of the nouns in the future, which lays a foundation for the study of the verbs and adjectives of the people.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2158444
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese refers to the nouns divided from the point of meaning, which refers to the expression of a person's noun, which is characterized by a semantic feature of "+ [human]". This paper, based on lexicology and lexical semantics, combines social and cognitive factors to explore the ways and methods of referring people to people in modern Chinese, and to study modern Chinese people. The state of organization, development and application of nouns in the lexical system is a study of the combination of the dynamic and static combination of human nouns in modern Chinese and the combination of description and application.
The research on human noun in modern Chinese is the key point in the study of Chinese nouns. This study can not only further improve the research of modern Chinese nouns, but also have reference to the processing of Related words in the compilation process of the dictionary and the teaching of referential nouns in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter studies the way of producing Chinese nouns; the third chapter studies the structure and significance of human nouns; the fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of human nouns; the fifth chapter studies the synchronic dynamic movement of human nouns; the sixth chapter studies the use of human nouns. The seventh chapter is the concluding part of this article.
In the first chapter, the object of this study is determined, and the related concepts such as appellation, address, name and nickname are distinguished, and the previous studies are reviewed from three aspects of linguistics, lexicology and sociolinguistics, and the research methods and significance of this paper are also explained.
The second chapter, firstly, divides the modern Chinese into three categories according to the different referential objects, and the relative category refers to the relationship between people and people, the social category refers to the social relations between people and people, and the cognitive category refers to the views of people from the perspective of cognition. The three aspects of knowledge and language are the reasons and ways of the production of human nouns. Modern Chinese refers to the emergence of human nouns. It is closely related to the needs of social communication and the law of human thinking. It is also the result of the role of language factors. The changes of social system, social production, social changes, social concepts, and social psychology. The transformation and the spread of Chinese and foreign culture all provide sufficient social conditions for the emergence of modern Chinese nouns. Modern cognitive science shows that the conceptualization and categorization of human thinking, metaphor of human thinking, metonymy and transfer of reference have played an important role in the process of the generation of human name words in modern Chinese. It determines the final form of human nouns in language.
The third chapter is the study of the structure and meaning of the person's noun. First, from the point of view of whether the meaning of the human morpheme is included, it distinguishes two cases of the morpheme including the human morpheme and the non finger morpheme. It includes the human noun which refers to the human morpheme, and generally regards the morpheme as the core morpheme, and his morpheme is the characteristic morpheme, the characteristic morpheme meaning and the core. The meaning of the morpheme is to reveal the meaning of the human noun in modern Chinese. However, the meaning of the characteristic morpheme is not equal to the meaning of the word, and the meaning of the word needs to be further revealed by the characteristic morpheme meaning. In revealing the meaning of a person's noun, it is generally not direct, but through a transitional meaning. This transitional word may be a verb meaning, or a noun word or an adjective meaning, and then can be connected with the meaning of a person through a metaphor or extension. The meaning of the present generation of Chinese refers to the person's noun. The pattern of "" is the concrete meaning part of the word, which reveals the different characteristics of the human, and the "man" behind is a class word. Sometimes, according to the need of understanding of the meaning of the word, "man" can also be replaced by other words which represent the concept of the class.
The fourth chapter studies the lexical cohesion of modern Chinese referring to human nouns. In modern Chinese, there are many large and small lexical cohesion in Chinese nouns, including synonyms, antonyms, polysemous words and so on. It also includes generic words, synonyms, subject sense families, symmetric relation nouns, constriction nouns and reverse relation nouns special names. Words and antonyms are the most important and the most characteristic. The morpheme plays an important role in the process of forming the synonym and the human antonym. Many scholars assume that vocabulary and semantics are sound like phonetics and grammar is systematic, but how to reveal this system with different knowledge. There is a sense of "man" in Chinese, but no one has completely revealed the semantic field of "man" in modern Chinese. This study reveals some of the features of the human noun system, and provides a reference for revealing the semantic field of "man".
The fifth chapter studies the noun in modern Chinese from a dynamic point of view. The synchronic form of the vocabulary is an important aspect of the attention of dynamic lexicology. At present, Chinese vocabulary is in a very active period. Modern Chinese refers to human nouns, and is also constantly changing in the tide of Chinese vocabulary development. The old denoting nouns have been slowly retreated and the meaning of the human noun has also changed greatly. This paper also studies the characteristics of the same clan words in modern man's nouns. It is considered that the words of the same ethnic group are very productive, the development of the same clan words is unbalance, and the production of a large number of the same clan words refers to the name of the modern Chinese. The word system has a great impact.
The sixth chapter is also a dynamic study. In the context, in the context, modern Chinese refers to the meaning of human noun from static to dynamic, which produces a lot of temporary speech components. These temporary speech components are embodied in all aspects of speech, word meaning, grammar and rhetoric. A good expression can show the interpersonal relationship, reveal the psychology of the characters, show the status of the characters, explain the situation of the characters, and indicate the change of the characters' roles. But the incorrect use of the nouns of the finger can bring negative effects on the expression of the language.
The seventh chapter is the concluding part, briefly summarizing the main conclusions of this article, and putting forward the thinking and direction of further research in the future. The research of modern Chinese referring to human noun is a field that needs to be further excavated. In the future we will further discuss in the aspects of combinatorial studies, diachronic studies and comparative studies. We hope to pass this to this The study of one field fully shows the appearance of the noun in modern Chinese and the research of the nouns in the future, which lays a foundation for the study of the verbs and adjectives of the people.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H146
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 梁文婧;韩振江;;《现代汉语词典》中认知类指人名词的语义功能分析[J];北方文学(下半月);2012年06期
相关硕士学位论文 前9条
1 王春娇;现代汉语新兴指人“类词缀”研究[D];山东大学;2011年
2 万小罗;现代汉语物体名词研究[D];江西师范大学;2012年
3 梁文婧;《现代汉语词典》认知类指人名词研究[D];大连理工大学;2013年
4 董盼;“代_1代_2名”同位结构的考察[D];广西师范大学;2013年
5 朴雪花;汉韩“N+N”式指人复指短语对比[D];延边大学;2013年
6 金瑜琳;汉韩人称代词和指人名词组合式对比[D];延边大学;2013年
7 李文艳;现代汉语新词新语五类类词缀研究[D];山西大学;2013年
8 安丽虹;汉韩人称代词、指示代词和指人名词组合式对比[D];延边大学;2013年
9 夏冰茜;现代汉语动植物名词小类分析[D];上海外国语大学;2014年
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