汉语双音节动词的空间性及其对外汉语教学

发布时间：2018-10-08 17:13

【摘要】：语言结构映射了人类认知世界的概念结构。且语言与其文字系统之间具有一种优选关系,文字应与语言的特性相匹配,因而从文字的特点可以反推语言的特点。记录汉语的汉字是表意文字,且字形中的表意成分表示的都是事物。在汉民族的思维中,对于万物概念的认知大都是借助事物甚至依附于事物的。也就是说汉语中动作概念的表达也是借助事物的。由此我们可以推知汉语里动词的构成语素具有事物性。本文主要运用对比法、语料库研究法和教学实践法等研究方法,从文字、句法、认知等角度来分析汉语双音节动词的空间性,并就如何在对外汉语教学中注重凸显汉语的空间性特质来有效地进行动名词类教学展开理论和实践的探讨。全文核心内容主要包括以下五个方面:第一章:从词源、造字法、构词及意义等角度来分析“释义的事物性”“语义引申的空间性”对形成汉语双音节动词空间性特质的影响。并根据双音节动词内部不同的语义关系对其进行分类。第二章:考察“N的V”结构中双音节动词V与N的不同语义关系,包括语义偏向主体、语义偏向客体和语义偏向主客体等,从而进一步说明双音节动词的空间性特质。第三章:考察双音节动词的空间性特质对“把”字句、有时态标记句和“客体作主语”句等句法结构的影响。第四章:通过对双音节动名兼类词与一般动词、“N的V”结构在内部语义及其用法上的对比,深入探讨动名兼类词的空间性特质。第五章:汉语的空间性特质是在与世界上其他语言特质(如英语的时间性等)相比较中凸显出来的。汉语的这种动名兼类词对学习汉语的外国留学生来说无疑是一大难点。本章探讨如何在对外汉语教学中运用“汉语的空间性特质”观及其相应教学方法来提高动名词类教学的有效性。
[Abstract]:The structure of language reflects the conceptual structure of human cognition of the world. Language and its character system have a kind of excellent choice relation, the character should match with the characteristic of language, so we can deduce the characteristic of language from the character of character. The Chinese characters recorded in Chinese are ideographic characters, and the ideographic elements in the glyph represent all things. In the thinking of Han nationality, most of the cognition of the concept of all things depends on or even depends on things. That is to say, the expression of action concept in Chinese also depends on things. Therefore, we can infer that the constituent morphemes of verbs in Chinese have the characteristics of things. This paper mainly uses the contrastive method, corpus research method and teaching practice method to analyze the spatial character of Chinese disyllabic verbs from the perspectives of writing, syntax, cognition and so on. And how to highlight the spatial characteristics of Chinese in teaching Chinese as a foreign language to effectively carry out gerund teaching theory and practice. The main contents of the thesis are as follows: chapter one: from the aspects of etymology, word-building, word-formation and meaning, this paper analyzes the influence of "the paraphrase of things" and "the spatial nature of semantic extension" on the formation of the spatial characteristics of Chinese disyllabic verbs. And according to the different semantic relations within the two-syllable verbs, it is classified. In chapter 2, we investigate the different semantic relationships between the two-syllable verb V and N in "N's V" structure, including the semantic bias to the subject, the semantic bias to the object and the semantic bias to the subject and object, so as to further explain the spatial characteristics of the disyllabic verb. Chapter three examines the effects of spatial characteristics of dicyllabic verbs on the syntactic structures such as "Ba" sentence, "tense marker sentence" and "object as subject" sentence. Chapter four: by comparing the internal semantics and usage of dicyllabic verb-nomenclature words with general verbs and "N's V" structure, this paper probes into the spatial characteristics of verb-nomenclature words. Chapter five: the spatial characteristics of Chinese are highlighted in comparison with other linguistic traits in the world, such as the timeliness of English. This Chinese verb-noun-like word is undoubtedly a big difficulty for foreign students studying Chinese. This chapter discusses how to improve the effectiveness of gerund teaching by using the concept of "spatial characteristics of Chinese" and its corresponding teaching methods in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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