建构主义理论指导下的对外汉语初级口语教学

发布时间：2018-11-21 21:01

【摘要】： 口语教学在整个对外汉语教学体系中占有相当重要的地位,它作为一门基础课,是留学生课堂学习到现实应用的一座桥梁,对学生有着强烈的实践意义,是一门学生期望值比较高的课型。初级学生来到中国,首先面临着基本的生活交际,高效率地帮助留学生提高口语交际水平满足他们的生活交际需要是初级口语课的重要目标。同时,留学生来华学习汉语,看重的就是中国得天独厚的目的语环境,如何将留学生课堂学习和课外实践有效结合起来,促进他们的自然语言习得,也是初级口语课的重要任务。我们通过对对初级口语教师、留学生进行访谈,以及对现行教学模式进行考察,我们发现目前初级口语课存在着口语课精读化,目的语环境利用不充分,评价方法简单化等问题,这些都严重影响了学生口语能力的提高。我们认为,上述问题的产生很大程度上是受到客观主义(Objectivism)的影响。建构主义理论(Constructivism)是针对客观主义的弊端提出的,是当今教育改革的主流思想。它主张知识是在学习者原有经验和基础上通过与他人合作、在社会文化交流互动中主动建构的。建构主义外语教学论主张要在言语中学习语言,不断自觉建构个体语言体系,在言语中提高理解话语、建构话语的能力,并利用已掌握的语言材料,依赖语境,在言语交际中不断建构新的话语。本文在建构主义理论的指导下,在分析初级口语课性质和任务及教学现状基础上,尝试设计了一个教学模式及根据留学生真实录音完成任务等评价方式,并运用该模式和评价方式进行了教学实验。通过学生的主观感受初步调查及真实任务完成情况来看,建构主义理论指导下的教学模式是学生比较乐于接受的,是有利于提高教学效率,有利于提高学生口语水平和交际能力的。
[Abstract]:Oral language teaching plays a very important role in the whole teaching system of Chinese as a foreign language. As a basic course, it is a bridge between foreign students' classroom learning and practical application, and has strong practical significance for students. It is a subject with high expectations. The primary students come to China to face the basic life communication first. It is an important goal of the primary oral language class to help the foreign students to improve their oral communication level and meet their needs of life communication. At the same time, when students come to China to study Chinese, they attach great importance to the unique target language environment of China. How to effectively combine the classroom study and extracurricular practice of foreign students to promote their natural language acquisition, It is also an important task for the primary oral class. Through interviews with junior oral English teachers and foreign students, as well as an investigation of the current teaching mode, we find that there is intensive reading of spoken English in primary oral classes, and the target language environment is not fully utilized. The simplification of evaluation methods has seriously affected the improvement of students' oral ability. We believe that the above problems are largely influenced by objectivism (Objectivism). The constructivism theory (Constructivism), which is the mainstream thought of educational reform, is aimed at the disadvantage of objectivism. It advocates that knowledge is constructed actively through cooperation with others in the interaction of social and cultural exchanges on the basis of the learners' original experience. Constructivist foreign language teaching theory advocates learning language in speech, constantly consciously constructing individual language system, improving the ability of comprehension and construction of discourse in speech, and relying on context by using the language materials that we have mastered. New utterances are constantly constructed in verbal communication. Under the guidance of constructivism theory and on the basis of analyzing the nature and task of primary oral English course, this paper tries to design a teaching model and complete the task according to the real recording of foreign students. The teaching experiment is carried out by using the model and evaluation method. According to the preliminary investigation of students' subjective feelings and the completion of real tasks, the teaching mode under the guidance of constructivism theory is more acceptable to students and is conducive to improving teaching efficiency. It is helpful to improve the students' oral ability and communicative ability.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195

【引证文献】