面向对外汉语教学的现代汉语拟声词考察

发布时间：2019-04-21 06:29

【摘要】： 现代汉语拟声词是人们运用汉语语音系统通过摹拟自然界中的声音而形成的一类词,在现代汉语实际语言交流中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而,出于单个拟声词与所拟声音对象常为一对多的关系,并且拟声词重叠形式的使用以及与“一声”、“一下”等组配关系复杂,加之拟声词相关理论研究成果难于直接运用于教学实践中,不能有效地指导教学。因此,如何在教材编写和对外汉语教学中处理拟声词成为一个需要讨论的问题。基于此,文章选取《现代汉语词典》第五版中所收录的225个拟声词,以北京大学汉语语言学研究中心CCL语料库现代汉语部分为依托,对这些拟声词进行分项考察,得出相关结论,并针对出现频度较高的42个拟声词作更进一步的考察,以期为拟声词教学提供有益的参考资源。考察主要采用描写和归纳、比较的方法,在语料库中检索语料,然后结合百分比数据统计方法,对语料进行筛选、统计与分类,从而得出相应结论。文章在回顾并总结以往学者关于拟声词的研究的基础上,针对对外汉语教学中可能遇到的问题,拟定了对语料的六个考察项目:1)拟声词的频度;2)拟声词出现形式;3)单个拟声词所拟声音对象;4)单个拟声词的句法成分;5)单个拟声词的语义;6)考察拟声词的修辞功能。通过对以上五个项目的考察,我们得到了225个拟声词的相关频度数据;描写42个常用拟声词出现形式特点;分析拟声词的功能和使用条件。然后,基于考察结果,结合对留学生拟声词掌握状况的调查结果,通过描写例示各拟声词的出现形式,句中的形式框架等,最终对各拟声词的实际教学进行教学设计,为拟声词教学提供可借鉴的教学资源和参考依据。综上所述,本文基于语料,以服务对外汉语拟声词教学为目标,着重对42个常用拟声词进行考察与描写,并对这些拟声词进行形式化的教学设计,希望在拟声词教学方面做的一些探索能够对教学有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese onomatopoeia is a kind of words formed by imitating the sounds in nature by the use of Chinese phonological system, which plays an irreplaceable role in the practical language communication of modern Chinese. However, due to the one-to-many relationship between a single onomatopoeia and the intended sound object, and the use of overlapping forms of onomatopoeia, and the complex composition relationship with "one sound" and "one sound", In addition, the research results of onomatopoeia are difficult to be directly applied in teaching practice, and can not effectively guide teaching. Therefore, how to deal with onomatopoeia in the compilation of textbooks and teaching Chinese as a foreign language becomes a question that needs to be discussed. Based on this, this paper selects 225 onomatopoeia words included in the fifth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary, based on the modern Chinese part of the CCL Corpus of the Chinese Linguistics Research Center of Peking University, makes a detailed investigation on these onomatopoeia words. In order to provide useful reference resources for the teaching of onomatopoeia, 42 onomatopoeia words with higher frequency are investigated in order to provide some useful reference resources for the teaching of onomatopoeia. The research mainly adopts the methods of description, induction and comparison, retrieves the corpus in the corpus, and then selects, statistics and classifies the corpus according to the statistical method of percentage data, so as to draw the corresponding conclusion. On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the previous scholars' research on onomatopoeia, this paper, aiming at the possible problems in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, has drawn up six items to investigate the corpus: 1) the frequency of onomatopoeia, 2) the appearance of onomatopoeia, and 2) the appearance of onomatopoeia. 3) the sound object of a single onomatopoeia; 4) the syntactic components of a single onomatopoeia; 5) the semantics of a single onomatopoeia; 6) the rhetorical function of a onomatopoeia. Through the investigation of the above five items, we obtain the relevant frequency data of 225 onomatopoeia, describe the formal characteristics of 42 commonly used onomatopoeia, and analyze the functions and conditions of use of onomatopoeia. Then, on the basis of the investigation results, combined with the survey results of the students' mastery of onomatopoeia, through describing and illustrating the appearance form of each onomatopoeia word and the form frame in the sentence, the teaching design of the actual teaching of each onomatopoeia word is finally carried out. To provide a reference for the teaching of onomatopoeia teaching resources and reference. In summary, based on the corpus and aiming at serving the teaching of onomatopoeia in Chinese as a foreign language, this paper focuses on the investigation and description of 42 commonly used onomatopoeia words, and carries on the formal teaching design of these onomatopoeia words. Hope to do some exploration in the teaching of onomatopoeia can have certain reference value to the teaching.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195

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