营利性与非营利性民办高校分类管理研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 14:55

本文选题：营利性 + 非营利性　；参考：《大连理工大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：我国民办高等教育经过三十多年的发展,持续壮大,在中国高等教育界已然是主要的生力军。但是相对于民办高等教育的蓬勃发展,国家在制度和政策方面的规制和管理相对薄弱,远远滞后于民办高等教育的实践。特别是在民办高校的营利性和非营利性界定方面,长期不清晰、不明确,导致民办高等教育扶持政策和其它一系列相关制度规范的基本依据不足,导致民办高校的办学实际与制度要求发生严重错位甚至对立,成为民办高等教育健康可持续发展的根本障碍。营利性与非营利性分类管理的制度创新是破解这一瓶颈问题的有益尝试,对于改善民办高等教育发展环境,推进民办高等教育深水区改革具有重大意义。从研究的属性来看,本文是预测性研究,是在历史、现实以及比较研究的基础上,借助于制度理论、博弈论和利益相关者理论等相关理论,对未来营利性与非营利性民办高校分类管理实施当中的难点问题预估,并提出破解的原则、思路和可行路径。特别对民办高校控制权与分类管理的相关问题进行了深入探讨,对其成因进行了研究,指出由社会资本控制链和产权控制链合力而成非营利民办高校控制权的转变,是民办高校分类管理制度成功的关键,即非营利民办高校的控制权要由资本控制转变为社会控制,才能够抑制非营利外衣下营利性事实的发生。本文对社会资本控制链下的控制权问题进行了创先性研究,并提出未来民办高等教育理论研究的重点应从产权框架向控制权框架转变。文章首先回顾了民办高等教育的发展历程,梳理我国民办高等教育从改革开放以来的相关制度政策,从制度主义角度揭示民办高等教育非营利性制度的确立原因,以及营利性事实产生的内在逻辑,运用新制度主义理论,对这种制度和行动之间的背离进行了理论分析和解释,揭示了中国民办高校营利性与非营利性交织的复杂性和特殊性发展轨迹。同时,对民办高校分类管理的前身——合理回报制度的提出与实施进行了论述,指出分类管理提出的必然性。遵循历史脉络,为下一步分类管理的制定和实施指明方向。然后,对民办高校分类管理的利益相关者进行划分,通过问卷调查和数理统计的方法,甄别出民办高校分类管理的核心利益相关者为政府和民办高校举办者,并且对其利益诉求进行分析,找出其主要利益诉求的分歧点。从"利益博弈"视角审视民办高校分类管理制度的制定和实施,构建博弈框架,研究了核心利益相关者博弈进行的制度逻辑,分析了博弈的基本特征、构建出核心利益相关者的博弈模型。指出核心利益相关者的利益诉求存在部分冲突,举办者会有采取游说活动的动机。当举办者的偏好与政府不一致时,举办者存在欺骗政府的策略动机,这取决于政府的监管程度。如果政府愿意增加制度供给、降低监管成本,坚持自身的完全利益诉求的实现,做出错误判断而欺骗的举办者将可会受到惩罚,在严格的监管中失去生存空间,而其他举办者则会体现出完整的服从性。再次,概括了作为世界上私立高等教育最发达的国家之一的美国,在营利性与非营利性私立大学上的发展历程、现状及其特征;对美国其营利性和非营利性两类私立大学共同繁荣发展的原因进行了分析;总结了美国私立高等教育分类管理领域的成功经验,以及对于我国民办高校分类管理的可借鉴意义和启示。最后,分析总结出了民办高校分类管理中的难点问题,包括观念的更新、营利性的选择、产权的理顺和控制权的实质改变四个方面,特别指出控制权的实质改变是分类管理改革中的关键因素。随之,提出民办高校分类管理的基本原则,包括促进性与规范性相结合的原则、历史性与现实性相结合的原则、系统性与连续性相结合的原则以及普遍性与特殊性相结合的原则。并在利益相关者分析基础上,借鉴分类管理成熟度较高的美国经验,提出了难题破解的总体思路,从关键、先导、保障、建构以及拓展几个方面,对民办高校分类管理现实可行的实施路径进行了探索。
[Abstract]:After more than thirty years of development, the private higher education has been the main force in China's higher education. However, relative to the flourishing development of private higher education, the regulation and management of the state in the system and policy is relatively weak, far behind the practice of higher education in the people's office, especially in private colleges and universities. The definition of profit and non profit is not clear and unclear for a long time, which leads to the lack of basic basis for the support policy of private higher education and other series of relevant regulations, which leads to the serious dislocation and even opposition between the practical and institutional requirements of private colleges and universities, which has become the fundamental obstacle to the healthy and sustainable development of the higher education of the people's office. The system innovation of the classified management of profit and non profit is a useful attempt to solve this bottleneck problem. It is of great significance to improve the environment for the development of private higher education and promote the reform of the deepwater area of private higher education. Based on the theory of system, game theory and stakeholder theory, this paper predicts the difficult problems in the implementation of the future classified management of profit and non profit private colleges and universities, and puts forward the principles, ideas and feasible paths to solve the problems, especially on the related problems of the control right and classified management of private colleges and universities. Because of the study, it is pointed out that the transformation of the control right of non profit private colleges and universities from the control chain of social capital and the chain of property right control chain is the key to the success of the classified management system of private colleges and universities. That is, the control of non-profit private colleges and universities should be changed from capital control to social control. This article makes a first study on the control of the social capital control chain, and puts forward that the focus of the study on the future private higher education should be changed from the framework of property rights to the framework of control right. The article first reviews the development process of private higher education and combs the related system of private higher education since the reform and opening up. The policy, from the perspective of institutionalism, reveals the reasons for the establishment of the non-profit system of private higher education and the inherent logic of the production of profit - making facts, and uses the theory of new institutionalism to analyze and explain the deviation between the system and the action, and reveals the complexity and complexity of the for-profit and non-profit interweaving of China's civilian run colleges and universities. At the same time, it discusses the advance and implementation of the system of reasonable return on the classified management of private colleges and universities, points out the inevitability of the classification management, follows the historical context, and points out the direction for the formulation and implementation of the next classification management. Then, the stakeholders of the classified management of the universities and colleges are divided, Through the methods of questionnaire and mathematical statistics, the core stakeholders of private colleges and universities are identified as the government and private colleges and universities, and their interest demands are analyzed to find out the differences in their main interests. From the perspective of "interest game", the formulation and implementation of the classification management system of the people run colleges and universities is examined, Gou Jianbo The system logic of the core stakeholder game is studied, the basic characteristics of the game are analyzed, and the game model of the core stakeholder is constructed. It is pointed out that the interest demands of the core stakeholders have some conflicts, and the organizers will have a mobile machine to take a lobbying activity. If the government is willing to increase the supply of the system, reduce the cost of the regulation, and insist on the realization of its own full interest demands, the host who makes false judgements will be punished, and the living space will be lost in strict supervision, while the others will be in the body. Thirdly, it summarizes the history, status and characteristics of the United States, which is one of the most developed countries of private higher education in the world, in the profit and non profit private universities, and analyzes the reasons for the common prosperity and development of two types of private universities for profit and non profit in the United States. The successful experience in the field of classified management of private higher education and the significance and Enlightenment to the classified management of private colleges and universities in our country. Finally, the paper analyses and summarizes the difficult problems in the classified management of private colleges and universities, including four aspects, namely, the renewal of ideas, the choice of profit, the rationale of property right and the substantial change of the right to control. The essential change of the right to control is the key factor in the reform of the classification management. Then, it puts forward the basic principles of the classified management of private colleges and universities, including the principle of combining the promotion and the standardization, the principle of combining history with the reality, the principle of combining the system with continuity and the principle of combining universality and particularity. On the basis of the stakeholder analysis, drawing on the American experience with higher maturity of classified management, this paper puts forward the general idea of solving the problem, and explores the practical implementation path of the classified management of private colleges and universities from the aspects of key, guide, guarantee, construction and expansion.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G648.7

【参考文献】