基于入学机会、财政经费与收入回报的我国高等教育公平研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 20:16

本文选题：入学机会 + 财政经费　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：提升居民教育水平、推进高等教育公平发展是社会、家庭和个人的共同目标。自1999年中央制定并高校扩招计划实施以来,我国大学生数量持续走高。但与高等教育机会增加相矛盾的是高等教育的公平问题并没有得到妥善改善,目前中国高等教育公平问题受到社会各界的关注。教育公平包括起点公平、过程公平和结果公平三层涵义。对应这三层涵义,本文从高等教育入学机会、高等教育财政经费和高等教育收入回报三个视角揭示高等教育公平现状。具体包括以下三个方面:第一、采用CFPS(2014)的微观数据,通过构建Logit模型分析高等教育入学机会是否存在城乡差异和区域差异,探讨高等教育在入学机会方面的公平程度。户籍信息和区域信息均能显著影响个人接受高等教育的机会,农村学生和西部地区的学生在高等教育的入学机会方面表现出明显的劣势。从入学机会的视角,高等教育在城乡和区域上存在不公平现状。第二、采用教育部数据,对普通高校生均预算内教育事业费和公用费进行区域分析和省际分析。高等教育生均教育事业费和公用费呈现出“东西凸起中部塌陷”的现状;高等教育生均公共财政预算事业费和公用费的省际基尼系数整体上呈现下降趋势,且自2012年起出现收敛的迹象。从财政经费的视角,目前我国高等教育生均经费在省际间维持在相对公平的状态。第三、采用CFPS(2014)的微观数据,运用倾向值匹配法研究高等教育的收入回报公平问题。在控制个体差异的基础上,接受高等教育的个人收入远高于其不接受高等教育时的个人收入,长期收入回报随着年龄的增长呈现先上升后下降的趋势;城镇个体在大学毕业以后获得的年均收入显著高于农村个体年均收入。从收入回报的视角,高等教育能够增加受教育者的收入,但是高等教育收入回报在城乡间存在显著的差异和不公。高等教育公平是人们追求的永恒理念,为促进我国高等教育公平发展,本文提出关注基础教育、完善落实高校助学政策,优化我国高等教育财政经费的区域结构和省际结构,鼓励适龄学生接受高等教育、就业制度向农村弱势群体适当倾斜的政策建议。本文的研究成果对制定合理的教育补助规模和结构推进高等教育公平发展提供理论依据和数据支持,具有理论意义和实践意义。
[Abstract]:It is the common goal of society, family and individual to improve the education level of residents and promote the fair development of higher education. Since 1999, the number of college students in our country has been on the rise. However, the problem of equity in higher education has not been properly improved, and the issue of fairness in higher education in China has been concerned by all walks of life. Education equity includes starting point equity, process fairness and result fairness. Corresponding to these three meanings, this paper reveals the present situation of higher education fairness from the perspectives of higher education entrance opportunity, higher education financial funds and higher education income return. It includes the following three aspects: firstly, by using the micro data of CFPS (2014), the logit model is constructed to analyze whether there are urban and rural differences and regional differences in the access opportunities of higher education, and to explore the fairness of higher education in terms of access opportunities. Household registration information and regional information can significantly affect individuals' access to higher education, while rural students and students in the western region have obvious disadvantages in terms of access to higher education. From the perspective of access opportunities, higher education in urban and rural areas and regional unfair situation. Secondly, using the data of Ministry of Education, the regional and provincial analysis of the average budget for education and public expenses of college students is carried out. The average cost of education and public expenses of higher education students present the present situation of "east and west rising and central collapse", and the inter-provincial Gini coefficient of the average public finance budget and public expenditure of higher education students is on the whole decreasing. And since 2012 there have been signs of convergence. From the perspective of financial expenditure, the average expenditure of higher education students in our country is maintained in a relatively fair state among provinces. Thirdly, using the microcosmic data of CFPS (2014), we use the tendency value matching method to study the problem of income return equity in higher education. On the basis of controlling individual differences, the personal income of higher education is much higher than that of non-higher education, and the long-term income return increases first and then decreases with the increase of age. The average income of urban individuals after college is significantly higher than that of rural individuals. From the perspective of income return, higher education can increase the income of the educated, but there are significant differences and injustices between urban and rural areas. The fairness of higher education is the eternal idea pursued by people. In order to promote the fair development of higher education in China, this paper puts forward to pay close attention to the basic education, perfect and implement the policy of aiding students in colleges and universities, optimize the regional structure and interprovincial structure of the financial funds for higher education in China. Policy recommendations on encouraging school-age students to pursue higher education and the employment system in favour of the rural vulnerable groups. The research results of this paper provide theoretical basis and data support for the establishment of reasonable educational subsidy scale and structure to promote the fair development of higher education, and have theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2;F812.45

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