河南高等教育同质化问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-13 14:32

【摘要】：当前我国高等教育已经进入中等大众化阶段,在规模扩大的同时,如何有效统一“量”的扩张与“质”的保障,已成为高等教育迫切需要解决的重要问题。就教育的层次结构来说,高等教育处于教育结构中的最高阶段,并具有三大职能,即:人才培养、科学研究和社会服务,高等教育不同于其他阶段教育,与政府、社会和市场具有直接关系,这也是它的独特性所在。虽然,高等教育规模扩大促使适龄学生接受高等教育的机会增加,但是,河南高等院校存在不同程度的趋同现象,“千校一面”,在一定程度上阻碍了高等教育的健康发展。河南作为高等教育规模大省,但是人才培养质量却不高,要实现“教育治理现代化”和“双一流”的宏伟目标,消解高等教育同质化问题势在必行。首先,对高等教育同质化的核心概念进行界定,明晰基本认识,论证实现高等教育去同质化的价值意蕴,包括高等教育同质化产生的背景以及实现高等教育去同质化的意义。其次,本文采取文献法和历史分析法梳理河南高等教育的发展脉络,对河南高等教育发展作出基本评价:注重发展规模,但特色不够鲜明;注重人才培养,但质量不高;注重科研能力,但创新不强;注重社会服务,但能力不足;注重经费投入,但力度不够。采取比较分析法和调查法,充分考虑到河南高等院校的层次、类型,按照本科高校、独立学院、高职高专、民办本科院校的比例,采取分层抽样的方法,从河南129所高等院校中选取14所作为研究对象。通过查阅文献资料,整理问卷和访谈资料,探析出河南高等院校在六个方面呈现不同程度的同质化:教育理念、目标定位、专业设置、培养模式、治理主体、大学文化。进而发掘河南高等教育同质化是由于政府对高等院校管办评一体化,市场人才观念落后以及高等院校自身发展定位模糊共同造成的。在此基础上,进一步分析高等教育同质化对国家教育资源、社会经济发展、人才结构、人才培养质量造成的消极影响。最后,对破解河南高等教育同质化问题进行统筹定位,并确定其特色化发展的基本原则,进而针对河南高等教育同质化问题提出有效的解决办法:政府要重构权力体系,发挥统筹权,赋予高校自主权,给予社会评价权,实现管办评分离;与此同时,通过创建科学的社会评估体系,高校要适应市场的人才需求以及改变传统的家庭教育期待;高校要找准自身定位,培育先进理念,明确层次类型,创新专业设置,重塑人才培养模式,建设特色校园文化,将政府、社会、学校和家庭形成合力,共同确立河南高等教育特色化发展的方向。
[Abstract]:At present, higher education in our country has entered the stage of middle popularization. At the same time, how to effectively unify the expansion of "quantity" and the guarantee of "quality" has become an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in higher education. In terms of the hierarchical structure of education, higher education is at the highest stage of the educational structure and has three major functions: talent training, scientific research and social services, higher education being different from other stages of education, and government. The society and the market have the direct relation, this also is its unique place. Although the expansion of the scale of higher education promotes the increase of opportunities for students of appropriate age to receive higher education, there is a phenomenon of convergence in different degrees in colleges and universities in Henan Province. "one side of thousands of schools" hinders the healthy development of higher education to a certain extent. Henan is a large province of higher education, but the quality of talent training is not high, so it is imperative to solve the problem of homogeneity of higher education in order to realize the grand goals of "educational governance modernization" and "double first-class". First of all, define the core concept of higher education homogenization, clarify the basic understanding, demonstrate the value implication of the realization of higher education de-homogenization, including the background of higher education homogenization and the significance of realizing higher education de-homogenization. Secondly, this paper combs the development of Henan higher education by literature method and historical analysis method, and makes a basic evaluation of Henan higher education development: pay attention to the scale of development, but the characteristics are not clear enough, pay attention to the cultivation of talents, but the quality is not high; Pay attention to scientific research ability, but innovation is not strong; pay attention to social service, but ability is insufficient; pay attention to fund input, but dynamics is not enough. Adopting the method of comparative analysis and investigation, taking fully into account the levels and types of colleges and universities in Henan, adopting the method of stratified sampling according to the proportion of undergraduate colleges, independent colleges, higher vocational colleges, private colleges and universities. From 129 colleges and universities in Henan Province, 14 colleges and universities were selected as the object of study. By consulting literature, arranging questionnaires and interviews, it is found that colleges and universities in Henan show different degrees of homogeneity in six aspects: educational concept, goal orientation, specialty setting, training model, governance subject, and university culture. Further, the homogeneity of higher education in Henan is caused by the integration of management and evaluation of colleges and universities by the government, the backward concept of market talents and the vague orientation of the development of colleges and universities themselves. On this basis, this paper further analyzes the negative effects of the homogeneity of higher education on national educational resources, social and economic development, talent structure and the quality of talent training. Finally, the author makes an overall plan to solve the problem of homogenization of higher education in Henan, determines the basic principles of its characteristic development, and then puts forward an effective solution to the problem of homogenization of higher education in Henan: the government should reconstruct the power system. Giving full play to the power of overall planning, giving autonomy to colleges and universities, giving the right to social evaluation, and realizing the separation of management scores; At the same time, through the establishment of a scientific social evaluation system, colleges and universities should adapt to the needs of talents in the market and change the traditional expectation of family education. Colleges and universities should find out their own orientation, cultivate advanced ideas, define the types of levels, innovate the specialty setting, reshape the talent training model, construct the characteristic campus culture, and form a joint force among the government, society, school and family. Jointly establish the direction of the characteristic development of Henan higher education.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2

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