二战后美国联邦科技政策导引下研究型大学科研发展研究
发布时间：2018-12-18 07:11
【摘要】：21世纪是我国高等教育逐步向现代化、科技化、国际化方向转变的关键时期。而研究型大学作为完成这一转变的重要突破口,成为当前我国高等教育发展面临的主要问题。美国研究型大学自1876年创建以来取得了举世瞩目的成就,是美国科技创新水平、高等教育发展水平居于世界领先地位的重要推动力量。是什么样的政策基础促使美国研究型大学能迅速崛起成为国家科技发展的重要推动力量?本文以美国联邦科技政策的四次重大调整为重点,分析美国研究型大学科研发展的科技政策基础,并从中总结经验与教训,结合我国具体国情,因地制宜地提出几点政策性建议和意见。本论文由以下五部分组成:第一部分:引言。包括对本论文的问题提出、研究意义、核心概念界定、文献综述、已有研究不足、本研究特色以及研究方法的相关阐述。第二部分:对美国研究型大学科研的早期发展历程进行阐述。美国研究型大学科研的早期发展历程分为以下三个阶段:19世纪后期美国研究型大学科研发展的良好开端、20世纪初期美国研究型大学科研实力的逐步壮大、二战期间美国研究型大学科研发展的初步繁荣。第三部分、第四部分:分为上下两篇,对二战后美国联邦科技政策四次重大调整下研究型大学的科研发展进程进行梳理与分析。主要以“《科学:无尽的前沿》:研究型大学科研主体地位的明确、《国防教育法》:研究型大学科研发展的黄金时代、《拜杜法案》:研究型大学科研成果的商业化、《更新诺言》和《政府和大学》:研究型大学科研竞争力的提升”美国联邦科技政策的四次重大调整为重点,论述科技政策对研究型大学科研发展的重要作用。第五部分:本部分通过概括总结美国联邦科技政策导引下研究型大学科研发展的经验与教训,结合我国现阶段具体国情,提出有益于我国建设高水平研究型大学的政策性建议和意见。
[Abstract]:The 21 st century is a key period for China's higher education to change to modernization, science and technology and internationalization. As an important breakthrough to complete this transformation, research universities have become the main problems in the development of higher education in China. Since its establishment in 1876, American research universities have made remarkable achievements, which is an important driving force for the level of scientific and technological innovation in the United States and the leading position in the world in the development of higher education. What kind of policy basis can promote the rapid rise of research universities in the United States to become an important driving force for the development of science and technology in the country? This paper focuses on the four major adjustments of the US federal science and technology policy, analyzes the scientific and technological policy basis of the scientific research development of American research universities, sums up the experiences and lessons, and combines the specific conditions of our country. According to local conditions put forward several policy suggestions and opinions. This paper consists of the following five parts: the first part: introduction. Including the question of this paper, research significance, definition of core concepts, literature review, the lack of existing research, the characteristics of this study and the relevant elaboration of research methods. The second part: the early development course of American research universities. The early development process of American research universities can be divided into the following three stages: the good beginning of the scientific research development of American research universities in the late 19th century, and the gradual expansion of the scientific research strength of American research universities in the early 20th century. The initial prosperity of research development in American research universities during World War II. The third part, the fourth part, is divided into two parts, combing and analyzing the research development process of the research universities under the four major adjustments of American federal science and technology policy after the second world war. "Science: endless Frontier": the clear position of research subject in research universities, the national defense education law: the golden age of scientific research development in research universities, and the Beidu Act: commercialization of scientific research achievements of research universities. "renewing the promise" and "Government and University": the Promotion of Scientific Research Competitiveness of Research Universities "four major adjustments of US federal science and technology policy are emphasized, and the important role of scientific and technological policies in the development of research universities is discussed." Part V: this part summarizes the experience and lessons of the research university research development under the guidance of the federal science and technology policy of the United States, combined with the specific situation of our country at the present stage. Some policy suggestions and suggestions are put forward for the construction of high-level research universities in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.712
本文编号：2385539
[Abstract]:The 21 st century is a key period for China's higher education to change to modernization, science and technology and internationalization. As an important breakthrough to complete this transformation, research universities have become the main problems in the development of higher education in China. Since its establishment in 1876, American research universities have made remarkable achievements, which is an important driving force for the level of scientific and technological innovation in the United States and the leading position in the world in the development of higher education. What kind of policy basis can promote the rapid rise of research universities in the United States to become an important driving force for the development of science and technology in the country? This paper focuses on the four major adjustments of the US federal science and technology policy, analyzes the scientific and technological policy basis of the scientific research development of American research universities, sums up the experiences and lessons, and combines the specific conditions of our country. According to local conditions put forward several policy suggestions and opinions. This paper consists of the following five parts: the first part: introduction. Including the question of this paper, research significance, definition of core concepts, literature review, the lack of existing research, the characteristics of this study and the relevant elaboration of research methods. The second part: the early development course of American research universities. The early development process of American research universities can be divided into the following three stages: the good beginning of the scientific research development of American research universities in the late 19th century, and the gradual expansion of the scientific research strength of American research universities in the early 20th century. The initial prosperity of research development in American research universities during World War II. The third part, the fourth part, is divided into two parts, combing and analyzing the research development process of the research universities under the four major adjustments of American federal science and technology policy after the second world war. "Science: endless Frontier": the clear position of research subject in research universities, the national defense education law: the golden age of scientific research development in research universities, and the Beidu Act: commercialization of scientific research achievements of research universities. "renewing the promise" and "Government and University": the Promotion of Scientific Research Competitiveness of Research Universities "four major adjustments of US federal science and technology policy are emphasized, and the important role of scientific and technological policies in the development of research universities is discussed." Part V: this part summarizes the experience and lessons of the research university research development under the guidance of the federal science and technology policy of the United States, combined with the specific situation of our country at the present stage. Some policy suggestions and suggestions are put forward for the construction of high-level research universities in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.712
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