国学中的“人性”论及其现实意义

发布时间：2019-03-02 11:20

【摘要】：人性具有"人心"与"道心"、"情欲"与"智慧"二重属性。人的"情欲"主要表现为"饮食男女"、自私自利、好逸恶劳、趋乐避苦、好荣恶辱等形态。人的智慧特性,使人产生了道德意识,并能够积极能动地创造生活财富,懂得联合起来共同对付自然,成为主宰万物的高贵生物。关于人性二重性的善恶评价,古代有孟子的"性善"论、荀子的"性恶"论、世硕的"有善有恶"论、告子的"无善无恶"论。其实善、恶不是人性的客观属性,所以人性本身无善无恶;同时,人的情欲和理性都有为善、为恶的潜在可能性,因此,人性又具有善、恶二重性。虽然后天修养形成了凡、圣之别,但并不能改变二重人性是共同人性的事实。深刻认识人性二重论,可为形成正确的修身方法和英明的为政之道提供可靠的依据。
[Abstract]:Human nature has the dual attributes of "human heart" and "Taoist heart", "lust" and "wisdom". People's "lust" is mainly manifested as "eating men and women", selfish, easy to escape, seeking happiness to avoid suffering, honor and humiliation, and so on. Human intelligence makes people have moral consciousness, and can actively create wealth of life and know how to unite to deal with nature and become a noble creature that dominates all things. In ancient times, there were Mencius's theory of "good nature", Xunzi's theory of "sexual evil", Shi Shuo's theory of "good and evil", and the theory of "no good and no evil". In fact, good and evil are not the objective attributes of human nature, so human nature itself has no good and no evil; at the same time, human desire and reason have the potential possibility of being good and evil, therefore, human nature has the duality of good and evil. Although acquired cultivation forms the difference between all and sanctity, it does not change the fact that double humanity is a common humanity. A deep understanding of the dualism of human nature can provide a reliable basis for the formation of a correct method of self-cultivation and a wise way of governing.
【作者单位】：上海政法学院研究院国学所;
【基金】：“央财项目”上海政法学院城市公共安全与社会稳定科研基地项目(2011YC2002)
【分类号】：B21

【共引文献】