我国义务教育阶段“择校”问题治理政策研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 19:58

本文选题：禁止择校 + 合法性　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：我国义务教育自清末1904年发轫至今已经有一个多世纪的时间。在长达一个多世纪的时间里，受到战争、生产力水平、社会转型、教育思潮等众多因素的影响，义务教育的发展经历了从无到有，从徘徊停滞到厉行推展的曲折历程。当前，我国义务教育已获得卓越的成绩，城乡免费义务教育全面实现，普及率、入学率、师资水平、办学条件等方面都有显著改善，已经进入以促进公平为重点，以提高质量为核心，，全面实施素质教育的新阶段。在取得成绩的同时，义务教育也日渐暴露出一些问题，这些问题在不同程度上影响阻碍了义务教育的发展，其中“择校”问题作为长期存在、久治未愈、危害较多的难点问题日渐突显出来。为治理“择校”问题，从1995年至今，中央和地方政府颁布了大量“禁止择校政策”，禁止招收择校生、禁止择校乱收费，禁止举办升学培训班等等，然而经过长期的政策治理后，“择校”问题非但没有解决，反而愈演愈烈，成为义务教育阶段最难解的问题之一。更为严重的是，一系列“禁止择校政策”还衍生了新的问题，比如教育寻租问题、“占坑班”问题等。基于此，我们不禁对“禁止择校政策”本身产生了质疑，“禁止择校政策”是一种最优的政策选择么，“禁止择校政策”具有科学有效性么，“禁止择校政策”具有合法性、合理性么，我们应该依据怎样的原则制定解决“择校”问题的政策？为解决这些问题，本文主要开展以下几个部分的研究：第一部分主要阐述本文的研究背景、研究目的、研究意义，对已有研究进行综述，界定主要概念，提出研究思路和研究内容。第二部分重点梳理近十余年中央和地方政府颁布的一系列“禁止择校政策”，分析得出中央和地方政府颁布的“禁止择校政策”的主要特征，同时指出中央和地方政府“禁止择校政策”在实施中存在的问题。第三部分对“禁止择校政策”进行合法性分析，以意识形态、政府运行机制、法律法规、公众教育需要等四部分内容构建“禁止择校政策”合法性分析的框架体系，并据此对“禁止择校政策”是否具有合法性进行判断。第四部分对“禁止择校政策”进行合理性分析，以对义务教育的内在规定性和义务教育政策应然功能的规律性认识为基础构建“禁止择校政策”合理性的判断标准，并据此对“禁止择校政策”是否具有合理性进行分析。第五部分首先对“禁止择校政策”实施有效性进行分析，认为要提高解决“择校”问题政策的有效性，必须依据一些基本原则来制定政策，这些基本原则包括保证政策具有合法性的原则和保证政策具有合理性的原则。另外本文还提出应从多个方面改革和完善政策的运行环境。
[Abstract]:There has been more than a century since the beginning of compulsory education in China in late Qing Dynasty and 1904. For more than a century, the development of compulsory education has experienced a tortuous course from scratch, from stagnation to vigorous development, under the influence of many factors, such as war, productivity level, social transformation, educational trend and so on. At present, China's compulsory education has achieved remarkable results. The comprehensive realization of free compulsory education in urban and rural areas, the popularization rate, the school enrolment rate, the level of teachers, the conditions for running schools, and so on, have all improved significantly, and they have entered the focus on promoting equity. To improve quality as the core, comprehensive implementation of the new stage of quality education. At the same time, there are also some problems in compulsory education, which affect the development of compulsory education to some extent. Among them, the problem of "choosing school" exists for a long time and has not been cured for a long time. The more harmful difficult problems are becoming more and more prominent. In order to deal with the problem of "school selection", from 1995 to now, the central and local governments have promulgated a large number of "prohibited school selection policies," prohibiting the recruitment of school selection students, prohibiting arbitrary fees for school selection, and prohibiting the holding of further studies and training courses, and so on. However, after a long period of policy management, the problem of "choosing schools" has not been solved, but has become more and more serious, and has become one of the most difficult problems in compulsory education. What's more, a series of "forbidden school policy" has spawned new problems, such as education rent-seeking problem, "occupation class" problem and so on. Based on this, we can not help questioning the policy itself. Is the policy of banning school selection the best policy choice, is the policy of banning school selection scientific and effective, and the policy of banning school selection has the legitimacy? Is it reasonable, what principles should we base on to solve the problem of "school selection" policy? In order to solve these problems, this paper mainly carries out the following parts of the research: The first part mainly describes the research background, purpose and significance of this paper, summarizes the existing research, defines the main concepts, and puts forward the research ideas and research content. The second part focuses on combing a series of "forbidden school selection policies" promulgated by the central and local governments in the past ten years, and analyzes the main characteristics of the "forbidden school selection policies" promulgated by the central and local governments. At the same time, it points out the problems existing in the implementation of the "forbidden school selection policy" of the central and local governments. The third part analyzes the legality of the "forbidden school policy", and constructs the framework system of "forbidden school policy" legitimacy analysis by ideology, government operating mechanism, laws and regulations, public education needs, etc. On the basis of this, we judge the legality of the forbidden school policy. In the fourth part, we analyze the rationality of the "forbidden school policy", and construct the judgment standard of the rationality of "forbidden school policy" based on the understanding of the inherent rules of compulsory education and the regularity of the function of compulsory education policy. On the basis of this, the article analyzes whether the policy of banning school selection is reasonable. In the fifth part, the author analyzes the effectiveness of the "No School Choice Policy", and thinks that in order to improve the effectiveness of the policy, we must make the policy according to some basic principles. These basic principles include the principle of the legitimacy of the policy and the principle of the rationality of the policy. In addition, this paper also puts forward that we should reform and perfect the operating environment of the policy from many aspects.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G522.3

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