大学生未来情景思维对延迟折扣的影响

发布时间：2018-05-06 06:31

本文选题：未来情景思维 + 延迟折扣　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：未来情景思维(Episodic Future Thinking)是对于未来事件的生动的情景性模拟。延迟折扣(Delay Discounting)是指当个体不能即时的得到某些奖励的时候,随着延迟的时间增加,其对这个奖励的主观价值逐渐降低、折扣的现象,延迟折扣是衡量个体冲动性的有效指标,延迟折扣倾向越大,表明个体的冲动性越高。目前已经有研究表明未来情景思维可以有效改变个体的延迟折扣任务中的行为表现,即在进行了未来情景思维之后,个体在延迟折扣任务当中表现出主观价值随延迟时间的增加降低速率减缓或选择延迟奖励的比例增加等。然而已有研究中仍存在以下问题:第一,这些研究当中有些研究使用了内容相关的未来情景思维而有些研究则没有,而并没有研究同时对未来情景思维与延迟折扣内容相关性进行操纵,即并不能明确当两者内容相关时未来情景思维是否能更好的降低个体的延迟折扣;第二,已有研究表明积极情绪的未来情景思维可以更好的降低个体的延迟折扣(相比于中性情绪),但没有研究涉及消极情绪的未来情景思维,同时也没有研究通过不同效价的情绪启动,来诱发被试进行消极情绪、积极情绪的未来情景思维,并且不明确这些不同情绪启动的未来情景思维对个体延迟折扣的降低作用是否存在差异;第三,在已有研究中,关于不同情绪强度、生动性的未来情景思维对于个体延迟折扣降低作用是否存在影响差异并未得到一致的结论,有些研究得到了情绪强度越强、生动性越高的未来情景思维对延迟折扣的降低作用更大,而有些研究则没有得出这样的结论;最后,个体的认知能力(包括情景思维能力、抑制控制以及工作记忆)在未来情景思维对延迟折扣的降低关系的影响也并不明确,故本研究对以上问题进行探究。本研究采用两因素混合实验对87名本科生进行研究,其中两因素分别为情绪启动和内容相关性,前者为被试间变量(三个水平:积极情绪启动组、消极情绪启动组以及无情绪启动组),后者为被试内变量(两个水平:内容相关以及内容无关)。实验将被试随机分为三组,首先让被试进行实验提供地点的未来情景思维,并通过提供不同线索词汇对其进行的未来情景思维的情绪效价和内容相关性进行操纵:在被试进行未来情景思维的时候,给出内容相关性提示词让被试对该地点进行消费的想象(内容相关)或是该地点可能存在物品的想象(内容无关),每个被试都需要进行内容相关和无关的未来情景思维;同时提供给被试相应的情绪诱发词来对被试的情绪效价进行操控,其中积极情绪启动组和消极情绪启动组分别提供诱发被试积极情绪和消极情绪的词汇,而无情绪启动组则没有提示词。在进行未来情景思维之后,让被试在即时固定奖励(实验当天发放20元)和延迟的大奖励(例如:10天后发放25元等)之间进行选择,并记录被试在各个实验水平下的延迟折扣中选择延迟奖励的比例。随后让被试对未来情景思维所诱发的情绪积极性、强度和生动程度进行评价,其中情绪积极性作为实验启动条件有效性的衡量指标。实验同时还测量了被试的未来情景思维能力、抑制控制能力以及工作记忆以探究这三者对于未来情景思维降低延迟折扣的影响。研究结果发现:1、与延迟折扣内容相关的未来情景思维并不能更好的降低延迟折扣选择延迟奖励的倾向;2、积极情绪下的未来情景思维可以更好的提升个体的延迟奖励的选择倾向,消极情绪的未来情景思维则反而会抑制未来情景思维对延迟奖励的选择倾向的提升作用;3、未来情景思维能力更强的个体会有更加生动的未来情景思维体验。
[Abstract]:Episodic Future Thinking is a vivid and situational simulation of future events. The delay discount (Delay Discounting) refers to the gradual decrease in the subjective value of the reward, discounts, and the delay discount as a measure of the individual when an individual can not get some rewards immediately. The more effective indicators of impulsiveness, the greater the tendency of delay discounts, the higher the impulsiveness of the individual. At present, there has been a study showing that future situational thinking can effectively change the behavior performance of the individual's delay discounting task, that is, the subjective value of the individual in the delay discount task is delayed after the future scenario thinking. However, the following problems still exist in the study. First, some of these studies use content related future situational thinking and some studies do not, and do not study the relevance of future situational thinking to delayed discounts. It is not clear whether the future scenario thinking can better reduce the individual delay discounts when the content is related. Second, the existing research shows that the future scenario thinking of positive emotion can better reduce the individual delay discount (compared with neutral emotion), but does not study the future situational thinking involving negative emotions, and also No study through different titers, to induce negative emotions, positive emotions, future situational thinking, and not clear the difference in the reduction of individual delay discounts. Third, in the present study, the future of different emotional intensity and vividness. The effect of situational thinking on the reduction of individual delay discounts has not been consistent. Some studies have gained the stronger emotional intensity, the higher the liveliness of the future scenario thinking to lower the delay discounts, and some studies do not conclude such a conclusion; finally, the individual's cognitive ability (including feelings) The impact of view thinking ability, inhibition control and working memory) in future situational thinking on the reduction of delayed discounts is also not clear. Therefore, this study explores the above problems. This study uses two factors mixed experiments to study 87 undergraduates, two of which are divided into emotional start and content correlation, the former is a subject. The inter variable (three levels: positive emotional start, negative mood start and merciless start), and the latter (two levels: content related and content independent). The experiment was randomly divided into three groups. First, the subjects were given the experiment to provide the future situational thinking of the site, and the subjects were provided with different clues to them. The emotional and content relevance of the thinking of the future scenario is manipulated: when the subjects are thinking about the future scenario, the content related hints are given to make the participants imagine (the content related) to consume the location (content related) or the imagination of the items that may exist in the site. Unrelated future situational thinking; at the same time, it was provided to the subjects' emotional evoked words to manipulate the emotional valence of the subjects, in which the positive emotional startup group and the negative emotional start group provided the vocabulary to induce positive and negative emotions, while the non emotional startup group had no hints. After thinking about the future situation, The subjects were chosen between the immediate fixed Award (20 yuan on the day of the experiment) and the delayed Award (for example: 10 days after 25 yuan, etc.), and recorded the ratio of delayed rewards in the delayed discounts of the subjects at various experimental levels. Then the subjects were given the emotional enthusiasm, intensity and vividness induced by the future scenario thinking. The effect of emotional enthusiasm as a measure of the effectiveness of the experimental start-up conditions was measured. The experiment also measured the future situational thinking ability, control ability and working memory to explore the effect of the three parties on the delay discounts of future situational thinking reduction. The results found that 1, related to the delay discounts. Situational thinking can not reduce the tendency of delayed reward choice better. 2, future situational thinking under positive emotion can improve the choice tendency of individual delayed reward better. The future scenario thinking of negative emotion will inhibit the promotion effect of future situational thinking on the choice tendency of delayed reward; 3. Individuals with stronger situational thinking will have more vivid future situational thinking experience.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】