大学基层学术组织变革研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 13:23

本文选题：基层学术组织 + 整合—分化　；参考：《华中科技大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：长期以来，我国高等教育受制于中央集权制的管理模式，大学缺乏必要的自治权。自《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》颁布以来，大学获得了一定的办学自主权，然而，这些权力却高度集中于学校层面，由行政人员掌控，形成了“一把手政治”和“处长政治”的局面。大学基层学术组织作为构成大学的基本细胞和核心单位，是具体承担大学教学、科研和社会服务三大职能的重要载体，是大学发展和变革的基石。因而，探究当前我国大学基层学术组织的发展现状及变革模式是一个极为紧迫的课题，是提高创新型人才的培养质量、激活学术心脏地带、优化大学资源配置、增强大学凝聚力、提高大学办学效益的需要。研究大学基层学术组织的变革，需要对大学基层学术组织变革的标准及模式进行深入分析。本研究认为，整合、自治是大学基层学术组织进行变革的基本目标或者衡量其变革状况的基本标准；而对其变革模式的分析，则需从变革的原因和动力、变革的程度和速度以及变革的路径等方面进行分析。本研究即以此为分析框架，对国内外大学基层学术组织的历史变革及发展现状进行诊断，并对其变革模式进行深入、细致的探究。本研究通过对基层学术组织特性及国内外大学基层学术组织的发展状况的考察发现，高深知识是大学及其基层学术组织产生和赖以存续的根本，学术性是大学及其基层学术组织的根本属性，而基层学术组织的自治和整合则是发展高深知识的基本保证，是学术性的题中之义。实现大学基层学术组织的自治和整合是衡量其发展状况的基本标准，也是设置和变革大学基层学术组织的基本原则。本研究以“整合—分化”、“自治—他治”为基本维度，以历史研究法和理想类型法为基本研究方法，对历史上曾经存在的学者行会、讲座制及系科制三种主要大学基层学术组织模式以及法国、德国、英国、美国和日本等世界范围内主要国家的大学基层学术组织模式进行了考察，分析并鉴别了其优劣。在此基础上，本研究通过案例研究法对我国大学基层学术组织的自治及整合状况进行了描述和分析，发现我国大学基层学术组织存在以下五个问题：缺乏必要的自治权，决策效率低下且欠缺科学性；与学校层面的权力关系尚待理顺，责权利须进一步明确；整合度低，呈一盘散沙；类型单一、适应性差；缺乏活力。本研究借鉴组织变革理论，从以下三个方面对国内外主要国家的大学基层学术组织的变革进行了分析：第一，从变革的原因和动力分析，组织变革分为强制性变革和诱致性变革；第二，从变革程度以及变革速度角度，将组织变革区分为渐进式变革和激进式变革；第三，，以变革的发起者为标准，将组织变革的路径区分为自上而下和自下而上的变革。研究发现，国外大学基层学术组织的变革多为遵循学科发展规律和社会实际需求而自下而上发起的变革；这种变革通常是从局部开始的，经历了较为漫长的演变过程；从变革原因和动力上说，属于诱致性变革，通常，大学基层学术组织内部学科自身的发展变化、内部组织文化的改变以及外部社会实际需求的变化和政治、经济体制的改变等均可成为导致大学基层学术组织变革的诱致性因素。而强制性变革通常发生于大的政治动荡或社会变革之后，是以政府为主导，通过强制性法令、政策的颁布加以推行的，这种变革往往会取得立竿见影的效果，但其成本往往也较高，在各国大学基层学术组织的变革史中较为少见。不同于其他国家大学基层学术组织变革模式的是，我国大学基层学术组织的历次大的变革多为强制性变迁，往往是作为处于危局下的政治救亡运动的手段被推进的，是一种自上而下的激进式的变革，这种变革通常带有强烈的意识形态和工具性色彩，并非学科自身发展和社会需求的自然推动，更不是对我国大学基层学术组织存在的问题和弊端的切实分析后所采取的改进措施，而是出于政治需要的结果，这也正是我国大学基层学术组织屡改屡不见佳绩的根本原因。基于我国大学基层学术组织“分化—他治”的现状，本研究认为，综合借鉴牛津大学和麻省理工学院的经验，通过向基层学术组织下放战略规划自治权、人事自治权、学术事务自治权和财务自治权，以及加强基层学术组织内部及其之间的资源和利益整合、制度与规范整合、价值整合，充分利用好学科发展规律和社会实际需求等诱致性因素，从不影响根本制度和利益的局部，自下而上地推进渐进式变革是我国大学基层学术组织发展和变革的最佳途径。
[Abstract]:For a long time, China's higher education is subject to the centralized management mode, the University lacks the necessary autonomy. Since the decision of the CPC Central Committee since the < > about the reform of the educational system promulgated by the university to obtain certain rights, autonomy however, these powers are highly concentrated in the school level, controlled by the administrative personnel, the formation of "political leaders" and "political director" situation. The grass-roots organizations of University College as a basic cell and core unit, undertake specific university teaching, an important carrier of scientific research and social service are three main functions of the University, is the cornerstone of development and changes. Therefore, current situation and Reform on the mode of current our country university basic academic organization is an extremely urgent task, is to improve the quality of training innovative talents, activate the academic heart, optimizing the university resource allocation, enhance learning cohesion,. The need for high universities to run a school.
Study on the basic academic organization of university reform, need standard and mode of reform of College grassroots academic organizations in-depth analysis. This study suggests that integration, autonomy is the basic standard of basic goal of College grassroots academic organizations change or measure the change of condition; and the change of mode analysis is required from the reasons and dynamic change the change of the degree and speed of change and the path analysis. This thesis is the analysis framework, diagnose the historical changes and current situation of the development of College grassroots academic organizations at home and abroad, and the change pattern of in-depth, detailed inquiry.
This study examined the development status of basic academic organization and characteristics of domestic and International University of basic academic organization found that knowledge is the fundamental and the existence of University and academic organizations, academic is a fundamental attribute of University and academic organizations, and the base layer of academic organization autonomy and integration is the basic guarantee for the development of advanced knowledge, academic topics. The basic academic organization of university autonomy and integration is the basic measure of its development, is also set up and change the basic principles of College grassroots academic organizations. Based on the "integration of differentiation", "autonomy he governance" as the basic dimension, the basic research methods the historical research method and ideal type method, for once existed in the history of scholar guild, basic academic organization mode of the three main university and the department system, France and Germany In the UK, investigated academic organization mode of the United States and Japan and other major countries in the world, analyses to identify their advantages and disadvantages. On the basis of the description and analysis of this study through the autonomy and integration of case study method of basic academic organization of University in China, and found the following five questions the basic academic organization of University in China: the lack of autonomy, low efficiency and lack of scientific decision-making; and power relations school level has yet to be straightened out, the responsibility should be further clear; integration
The degree is low, a single type of poor adaptability, lacking spirit of cooperation;; lack of vitality.
This study draws on the theory of organizational change, analyzes the college grassroots academic organizations, the following three aspects of the main domestic and foreign countries change: first, from the analysis of reasons and dynamic change, organizational change is divided into mandatory change and induced changes; second, from the change degree and speed of change point of view, organizational change should be distinguished for incremental change and radical change; third, to change the sponsor as the standard, path of organizational change between top-down and bottom-up reform. The study found that the basic academic organization of foreign universities to follow the change laws of disciplines and the actual needs of society and the bottom-up initiated change; this change is usually from the local at the beginning, evolution has been relatively long; from the change of reason and the power that belongs to induced changes, usually, academic organization internal The change and development of the discipline itself, changes and changes in the external social actual demand and political organization culture, the change of economic system can become the induced factors leading to the change of University grassroots academic organizations. And compulsory reform usually occurs after political unrest or social change, is dominated by the government, through the mandatory law. The promulgation of the policies to implement, this change will often have an immediate effect, but the cost is often higher, is rare in countries of the reform of basic academic organization in history.
Different from the pattern of change in other countries college grassroots academic organizations, academic organizations in China's previous big changes for mandatory change are often promoted as a political salvation movement under crisis means, is a top-down radical change, this change is usually a strong ideology and instrumental color, is not the subject of their own development and social needs of the natural drive, some improvement measures taken after the analysis of problems and disadvantages of existing more than the basic academic organization of University in China, but out of political needs results, which is also the basic academic organization of University of our country repeatedly changed the fundamental reason repeatedly not to see good.
The current situation of basic academic organization in our country University differentiation - he governance "based on the research, University of Oxford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology comprehensive learning experience, through to the basic academic organization decentralization strategic planning personnel autonomy, autonomy, academic affairs autonomy and financial autonomy, and strengthening the grass-roots academic organizations inside and between resources and interests the system and standard of integration, integration, value integration, make full use of discipline development law and social actual demand induced factors, basic system and local interests never influence, bottom-up gradual reform is the best way to promote grassroots academic organizations in our country university development and changes.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G644

【参考文献】