社会资本对大学生就业效用的实证研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 08:47

【摘要】：自2003年大学扩招后，面临就业的大学毕业生的数量犹如滚雪球般，越滚越大。就业人数过多，就业岗位却一直跟不上就业人数的增长，就业难已经成为了整个社会非常头痛的问题。如何解决就业难的问题，成为了不同领域学术界的热点。国内外不少学者提出了从社会资本入手来缓解就业难所带来的巨大压力。本文在前人的研究成果基础之上，从社会资本的角度出发，了解目前大学生就业难的影响因素，大学生所拥有的的社会资本存量，分析社会资本对大学生就业的过程及结果产生的影响，并关注社会资本的两面性即积极的一面和消极的一面，这两面对就业造成的影响，以及促进的大学生对社会资本的正确认识、积极拓展和合理利用。本次研究表明，社会资本通过父母的强关系对大学生就业起到了关键性的作用，，而通过朋友的弱关系对就业起到了辅助的作用，以及自致性社会资本能促进就业。同时拥有的大量社会资本成为小部分人通过旁门左道的方式获得就业机会的优势。目前大分部大学毕业生普遍能接受社会资本辅助就业的现状，持支持和中立态度的人占了大部分。而大学毕业生的社会资本的积累范围过于狭窄，集中在家庭和亲戚这类强关系中。而有些社会资本，尤其是弱关系，是出于闲置状态。大学生首先应该正确认识社会资本，合理使用社会资本，积极积累社会资本。这对于大学毕业生在就业时能获得更加丰富的招聘信息，在一定程度上缓解就业难的困境。社会资本是一柄双刃剑，利用得好，单位个人实现双赢，还能缓解就业难的问题。利用得不好，各种不正之风挥之即来，造成整个社会处于腐化的状态，极不利国利民。我们需要不断的探索，最大限度的发挥社会资本的积极作用，努力使社会资本的消极影响降至最低，这对于培养现代大学生的法制意识以及个人职业发展生涯都是具有极重要的现实意义和长远意义。
[Abstract]:Since the expansion of college enrollment in 2003, the number of graduates facing employment has snowballed. Too many jobs have been unable to keep up with the growth of employment, employment has become a very difficult problem for the whole society. How to solve the difficult problem of employment has become a hot spot in different fields of academia. Many scholars at home and abroad put forward the social capital to alleviate the employment difficulties brought by the enormous pressure. Based on the previous research results and from the perspective of social capital, this paper explores the factors affecting the employment difficulties of college students, and the stock of social capital owned by college students. This paper analyzes the influence of social capital on the process and result of college students' employment, and pays close attention to the two sides of social capital, that is, the positive side and the negative side. And promote the correct understanding of social capital of college students, actively expand and reasonable use. This study shows that social capital plays a key role in employment of college students through strong relationship between parents, while through weak relationship of friends, social capital plays a supplementary role in employment, and self-induced social capital can promote employment. At the same time, a large amount of social capital has become an advantage for a small number of people to obtain employment opportunities through the way. At present, graduates of large branch universities generally accept the status quo of social capital-assisted employment, and the majority of them are supportive and neutral. The accumulation of social capital for college graduates is too narrow and is concentrated in strong relationships such as family and relatives. And some social capital, especially weak relationship, is out of idle state. College students should understand social capital correctly, use it reasonably and accumulate social capital actively. This can help college graduates to obtain more information about employment and alleviate the difficulty of employment to some extent. Social capital is a double-edged sword. If it is used well, the unit can realize win-win situation and ease the problem of employment. The bad use of all kinds of unhealthy wind will cause the whole society in a state of corruption, which is not beneficial to the country and the people. We need to continuously explore, maximize the positive role of social capital, and strive to minimize the negative impact of social capital. This is of great practical and long-term significance to the cultivation of the legal consciousness of modern college students as well as their personal professional development career.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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