社会性别视角下女研究生就业难分析

发布时间：2018-08-31 18:08

【摘要】：就业问题早已成为一个社会问题,研究生就业群体困境也随之产生。市场经济体制灵活性、自主性的特点使用人单位希冀花费最少成本去追求利益最大化的行为无可厚非,而此举必然带来劳动力市场中就业性别歧视现象屡禁不止。研究生教育不断扩招,其中女研究生俨然成为这个队伍的主力军,而“高学历”却为她们带来了无尽的困扰。用人单位在招聘时关注的是她们的“自然附着成本”,而不是她们的专业知识储备、工作能力。这种就业性别歧视现象使得女研究生在就业道路上艰难前行着,无法享受与男性研究生同等就业机会。如此对整个社会而言,女研究生无法弥补自己在教育中所付出的机会成本,导致大众对教育经济功能的怀疑,滞缓了社会稳定和谐进程。同理,劳动力市场中性别歧视现象使用人单位在选拔人才过程中戴着有色眼镜,无法充分利用女性人力资源,其在运营中就无法保证有效配置人力资源。女研究生群体如果长期持续性就业质量低下将会使大众对高层次教育需求望而却步,政府“男女平等”政策成为空头口号。所以,女研究生就业性别歧视亟待社会大众尤其是女研究生自身、政府、教育部门、媒体共同作出努力,保证女研究生能实现自我认识价值。本文运用社会性别视角深入分析女研究生就业“难”问题,分别从社会文化环境、社会政策、学校性别教育、传媒舆论四个方面解析女研究生就业“难”的深层原因表现在：传统社会性别文化桎梏了社会大众和女研究生思想观念；社会政策在制定和执行过程中缺乏社会性别视角；学校教师队伍、劳动分工、教材内容设置深陷教育传统模式；传媒舆论报道内容将受众注意力都集中在女研究生情感、个体、家庭等私人领域内。在此基础上,作者从新社会性别理论角度提出解决对策：承认男女性别差异基础上保证两性平等,摒弃传统性别文化影响是关键；完善社会政策的社会性别方面,制定切实可行的法律政策,强制性遏制就业性别歧视是保证；改变教育传统,将社会性别意识纳入其中,培养“完整的人”是目标；构建大众传媒新社会性别理念,正确引导女研究生就业是手段。
[Abstract]:Employment has long become a social problem, graduate employment group plight has also emerged. The characteristics of flexibility and autonomy of market economy make it reasonable for employers to expect to spend the least cost to pursue the maximization of benefits, and this will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of gender discrimination in employment in the labor market. Graduate education continues to expand, in which female graduate students have become the main force of the team, and "high education" has brought them endless trouble. Employers focus on their "natural attachment costs" rather than their expertise and ability to work. This phenomenon of gender discrimination in employment makes female graduate students difficult to advance on the employment path, unable to enjoy the same employment opportunities as male graduate students. So for the whole society, female graduate students can not make up for the opportunity cost they paid in education, which leads to the public doubt about the economic function of education and slows down the process of social stability and harmony. Similarly, the phenomenon of gender discrimination in the labor market makes employers wear colored glasses in the process of selecting talents, and they can not make full use of women's human resources, so they can not guarantee the effective allocation of human resources in operation. The low quality of female graduate students' employment for a long time will discourage the public from demanding higher education, and the government's policy of "equality between men and women" has become an empty slogan. Therefore, the gender discrimination in the employment of female graduate students urgently needs the public, especially the female graduate students themselves, the government, the education department and the media to make joint efforts to ensure that the female graduate students can realize the value of self-awareness. This paper analyzes the "difficult" problem of female graduate employment from the perspective of social gender, respectively from the social and cultural environment, social policy, school gender education, The deep reasons for the difficulty of employment of female graduate students from four aspects of media opinion are as follows: the traditional gender culture shackles the public and female graduate students' ideology, the lack of gender perspective in the formulation and implementation of social policies, and the lack of a gender perspective in the formulation and implementation of social policies. School teachers, division of labor, teaching material content set in the traditional mode of education; media coverage of the audience will focus on female graduate students emotional, individual, family and other private areas. On this basis, the author puts forward solutions from the perspective of the new gender theory: it is the key to guarantee gender equality on the basis of recognizing the gender difference between men and women, to abandon the influence of traditional gender culture, to perfect the gender aspect of social policy, It is a guarantee to formulate practical laws and policies, to compulsorily curb gender discrimination in employment, to change educational tradition, to incorporate gender consciousness into it, to cultivate "intact people", and to construct a new social gender concept in mass media. Correctly guiding female graduate students to obtain employment is a means.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G647.38

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