基于创业动机的大学生创业环境研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 13:04
【摘要】：创业动机是创业者为了达到某一特定目的，在创业初始期形成的一种有计划、有目标的想法或行为。它在创业过程中始终指导着创业的展开，是推动创业者实施创业活动的初始动力和内在激发点。大学生创业者思维敏捷、想法独特，，各种创业动机层出不穷，但是在创业过程中容易受到周围环境的影响。本文试图找出大学生创业动机的和创业环境的特点和联系，思考优化创业环境的方法，以鼓励更多的大学生走上创业之路。 本文首次以已创业大学生和在校还未创业大学生作为研究对象，探索他们的创业动机和对环境的认知的不同点和相同点，旨在发掘大学生创业动机和创业环境的深层联系，通过对比两者的差异，寻找优化创业环境的方法，从而推动大学生创业的热情。此次调查研究的结果显示，当代大学生的创业动机与过去相比有较大转变，即大学生的创业动机由快速获取财富和金钱等生活需求为主，转变为为了锻炼自身能力，获取社会认同等高层次的提升需求。总体而言，大学生的创业动机在男女两者之间差异不大，但男生的生活需求而后提升需求略高于女生；学历上来看，大专生的生活需求高于本科生、硕士生和博士生，而影响需求则是本科生高于其他三者。对于创业环境的认知，未创业大学生和已创业大学生有较大差异，已创业大学生的满意程度低于未创业大学生的重要程度，说明大学生创业环境还需进一步完善以提高未创业大学生的创业热情，同时，通过对比研究还发现，不同学历大学生对与创业环境的认知有差异，博士生对政策环境的认知高于其他三者，而研究生对于教育环境的认知最高。 针对调查研究的分析结果，本文提出了提高大学生创业动机的策略。第一、优化创业教育结构。加强创业师资力量，丰富创业课程形式；加强各层次创业教育的展开；开展丰富多彩的创业设计大赛。第二、加大政策扶持和宣传力度。通过电视、广播、报纸等多种途径加大创业宣传；在现有的政策基础上，实行走访制度，实时了解已创业大学生的创业情况和诉求；修订相关法律法规，保障大学生创业全以免受侵害。第三、创建良好的创业文化环境。文化环境不仅包括来大学生自家人、朋友对其创业的支持程度，还包括整个社会对他们的看法。第四，建立创业退出机制。大学生创业具有风险，创业失败容易造成大学生的精神负担，影响其今后的职业发展，为此高校和政府应建立大学生创业退出机制，为他们提供必要的帮助。
[Abstract]:Entrepreneurial motivation is a kind of planned, purposeful thought or behavior formed in the initial period of entrepreneurship in order to achieve a certain purpose. It always guides the development of entrepreneurship in the process of entrepreneurship, and is the initial motive force and intrinsic stimulation point to promote entrepreneurs to implement entrepreneurial activities. College students entrepreneurs are quick thinking, unique ideas, various entrepreneurial motives emerge in endlessly, but in the process of entrepreneurship is easy to be affected by the surrounding environment. This paper tries to find out the characteristics and connections of entrepreneurial motivation and environment of college students, and to consider the method of optimizing entrepreneurial environment, so as to encourage more college students to embark on the road of entrepreneurship. For the first time, this paper explores the differences and similarities between the entrepreneurial motivation and the cognition of the environment, aiming at exploring the deep relationship between the entrepreneurial motivation and the entrepreneurial environment of the college students, taking the entrepreneurial college students and the college students as the research objects for the first time in order to explore the differences and similarities between their entrepreneurial motivation and their cognition of the environment. By comparing the difference between the two, we seek the method of optimizing the entrepreneurial environment, and promote the enthusiasm of college students. The results of this investigation show that the entrepreneurial motivation of contemporary college students has changed greatly compared with the past, that is, college students' entrepreneurial motivation has changed from a quick acquisition of wealth and money to a change in order to exercise their own ability. To obtain social identity and other high-level demand for promotion. Generally speaking, there is little difference between male and female in the motivation of starting a business, but the demand for life improvement of male students is slightly higher than that of female students. In terms of education, the demand for life of college students is higher than that of undergraduates, master degree students and doctoral students. The impact of demand is higher than the other three undergraduate students. For the cognition of entrepreneurial environment, there are great differences between the non-entrepreneurial college students and the entrepreneurial college students, and the degree of satisfaction of the entrepreneurial college students is lower than the important degree of the non-entrepreneurial college students. It shows that the entrepreneurial environment of college students needs to be further improved in order to improve the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of non-entrepreneurial students. At the same time, through the comparative study, it is found that there are differences in the cognition between the entrepreneurial environment and the entrepreneurial environment among the college students with different degrees of education. Ph.D. students' cognition of policy environment is higher than the other three, while graduate students' cognition of educational environment is the highest. Based on the results of investigation and research, this paper puts forward some strategies to improve college students' entrepreneurial motivation. First, optimize the structure of entrepreneurship education. Strengthen the entrepreneurial teachers, enrich the course form of entrepreneurship; strengthen the development of entrepreneurship education at all levels; carry out a variety of entrepreneurial design competition. Second, increase policy support and publicity. Through television, radio, newspapers and other channels to increase entrepreneurial publicity; on the basis of existing policies, the implementation of a visit system, real-time understanding of the entrepreneurial situation and demands of entrepreneurial college students; revision of relevant laws and regulations, To protect college students from infringing on their own business. Third, create a good entrepreneurial culture environment. The cultural environment includes not only the degree of support for their entrepreneurship by their own families and friends, but also the views of the whole society on them. Fourth, the establishment of entrepreneurial exit mechanism. It is risky for college students to start a business, and the failure of starting a business can easily lead to the mental burden of college students and affect their future career development. Therefore, colleges and universities and the government should set up an exit mechanism for college students to provide them with necessary help.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F272;G649.2
[Abstract]:Entrepreneurial motivation is a kind of planned, purposeful thought or behavior formed in the initial period of entrepreneurship in order to achieve a certain purpose. It always guides the development of entrepreneurship in the process of entrepreneurship, and is the initial motive force and intrinsic stimulation point to promote entrepreneurs to implement entrepreneurial activities. College students entrepreneurs are quick thinking, unique ideas, various entrepreneurial motives emerge in endlessly, but in the process of entrepreneurship is easy to be affected by the surrounding environment. This paper tries to find out the characteristics and connections of entrepreneurial motivation and environment of college students, and to consider the method of optimizing entrepreneurial environment, so as to encourage more college students to embark on the road of entrepreneurship. For the first time, this paper explores the differences and similarities between the entrepreneurial motivation and the cognition of the environment, aiming at exploring the deep relationship between the entrepreneurial motivation and the entrepreneurial environment of the college students, taking the entrepreneurial college students and the college students as the research objects for the first time in order to explore the differences and similarities between their entrepreneurial motivation and their cognition of the environment. By comparing the difference between the two, we seek the method of optimizing the entrepreneurial environment, and promote the enthusiasm of college students. The results of this investigation show that the entrepreneurial motivation of contemporary college students has changed greatly compared with the past, that is, college students' entrepreneurial motivation has changed from a quick acquisition of wealth and money to a change in order to exercise their own ability. To obtain social identity and other high-level demand for promotion. Generally speaking, there is little difference between male and female in the motivation of starting a business, but the demand for life improvement of male students is slightly higher than that of female students. In terms of education, the demand for life of college students is higher than that of undergraduates, master degree students and doctoral students. The impact of demand is higher than the other three undergraduate students. For the cognition of entrepreneurial environment, there are great differences between the non-entrepreneurial college students and the entrepreneurial college students, and the degree of satisfaction of the entrepreneurial college students is lower than the important degree of the non-entrepreneurial college students. It shows that the entrepreneurial environment of college students needs to be further improved in order to improve the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of non-entrepreneurial students. At the same time, through the comparative study, it is found that there are differences in the cognition between the entrepreneurial environment and the entrepreneurial environment among the college students with different degrees of education. Ph.D. students' cognition of policy environment is higher than the other three, while graduate students' cognition of educational environment is the highest. Based on the results of investigation and research, this paper puts forward some strategies to improve college students' entrepreneurial motivation. First, optimize the structure of entrepreneurship education. Strengthen the entrepreneurial teachers, enrich the course form of entrepreneurship; strengthen the development of entrepreneurship education at all levels; carry out a variety of entrepreneurial design competition. Second, increase policy support and publicity. Through television, radio, newspapers and other channels to increase entrepreneurial publicity; on the basis of existing policies, the implementation of a visit system, real-time understanding of the entrepreneurial situation and demands of entrepreneurial college students; revision of relevant laws and regulations, To protect college students from infringing on their own business. Third, create a good entrepreneurial culture environment. The cultural environment includes not only the degree of support for their entrepreneurship by their own families and friends, but also the views of the whole society on them. Fourth, the establishment of entrepreneurial exit mechanism. It is risky for college students to start a business, and the failure of starting a business can easily lead to the mental burden of college students and affect their future career development. Therefore, colleges and universities and the government should set up an exit mechanism for college students to provide them with necessary help.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F272;G649.2
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