“长三角”特殊教育学校视障学生体质健康和体育锻炼现状的调查研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 03:13

本文关键词： 视障中小学生体质体育锻炼调查研究　出处：《杭州师范大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国内外有关少年儿童体质健康和体育锻炼状况的研究绝大多数是针对正常人群,关于残障学生的则较少,而涉及视障学生的更是罕见。视障学生的体质健康和体育锻炼研究,是我国少年儿童体质研究中的薄弱环节。因此,选择本课题可体现“学校体育应面向全体学生”的政策精神和社会主义的人文关怀,同时也可为了解和改善视障学生体质健康和体育锻炼的状况,提供有益的资料和启示。本研究运用调查法、测试法、文献资料法、统计处理和比较分析法,对“长三角”地区特教学校的中小学视障学生的身体形态、机能、体能以及体育锻炼现状进行了调查研究,以期为进一步改善这些学生的体质健康和体育锻炼状况,提供可靠的依据。关于视障学生的体质健康状况,调查研究结果显示：视障男女生的身高都略低于正常学生,而体重与正常学生基本一致,胸围大于正常学生,体型相对呈短粗状；视障学生的血压(尤其是收缩压)小于正常学生,而肺活量在14岁(女)、15岁(男)之后低于正常学生,肺活量/体重指数低于正常学生,表明心肺功能较正常学生稍差；视障学生的体能指标,情况不一：立定跳远明显低于正常学生；握力差异不大,男生在12岁以后低于正常学生；一分钟仰卧起坐,视障女生与正常女生差别不大关于视障学生的体育锻炼,调查研究结果显示：特教学校的体育教师半数以上毕业于普通体育院校(系),且未进行过特殊教育岗位培训,这将影响体育教学质量和学生锻炼质量。视障学生参加体育活动的目的,大多是为了促进自身的身体健康。视障学生参加的以及希望参加的体育活动,主要集中在跳绳、散步、盲人门球和慢跑等少数几项活动；视障学生体育课的时间可以得到保证,不过,视障学生自己自由主动地去参加体育活动的时间相对较少。绝大多数学生今后愿意参加体育活动,并认为通过体育课掌握了锻炼身体的方法,认为体育课开设很有必要。男、女学生相比较,女生体育锻炼的积极性不如男生。为进一步改善视障学生的体质健康与体育锻炼现状,建议教育部门和体育部门应给予视障学生的体育活动以更多的重视；特别要重视对视障学生体育规律特点的研究,加强其体育内容、方法和手段的开发。此外,建议有关部门加大对特教学生体质健康和体育锻炼现状调查的力度,并进行追踪调查,以全面、准确地反映这一特殊群体体质发展的变化规律。
[Abstract]:Most of the studies on the physical health and physical exercise of children at home and abroad are directed at the normal population, but less on the disabled students, while those involving the visually impaired students are even rarer. The study on the physical health and physical exercise of the visually impaired students, It is a weak link in the study of children's physique in our country. Therefore, the choice of this subject can embody the policy spirit of "school physical education should be oriented to all students" and the humanistic concern of socialism. At the same time, it can provide useful information and inspiration for understanding and improving the physical health and physical exercise of visually impaired students. In this study, the methods of investigation, test, literature, statistics and comparative analysis were used to study the body shape and function of the students with visual impairment in special education schools in the Yangtze River Delta region. The present situation of physical fitness and physical exercise is investigated in order to provide a reliable basis for further improving the physical health and physical exercise of these students. About the physical health condition of the visually impaired students, the results show that the height of the visually impaired students is slightly lower than that of the normal students, and the body weight is basically the same as the normal students, the chest circumference is larger than the normal students, and the body shape is relatively short and thick; The blood pressure (especially systolic blood pressure) of the visually impaired students was lower than that of the normal students, while the vital capacity was lower than that of the normal students at the age of 14 (15 years old (male)), and the vital capacity / body mass index (BMI) was lower than that of the normal students, indicating that the cardiopulmonary function was slightly worse than that of the normal students. The physical performance index of visually impaired students is different: standing long jump is obviously lower than normal students; grip strength is not different, boys are lower than normal students after 12 years of age; one minute sit-ups, the difference between girls with visual impairment and normal girls is not different. With regard to the physical exercise of visually impaired students, the results show that more than half of the PE teachers in special education schools have graduated from ordinary physical education colleges (departments), and have not received any post training in special education. This will affect the quality of physical education and the quality of students' exercise. The purpose of participation of visually impaired students in sports activities is mostly to promote their own health. The sports activities in which visually impaired students participate and wish to participate are mainly concentrated on skipping and walking. A few activities such as blind gateball and jogging; time for physical education for visually impaired students can be guaranteed, however, Most of the students are willing to participate in physical activities in the future, and think that through physical education to master the method of physical exercise, that physical education is very necessary. Compared with female students, the enthusiasm of female students is not as good as that of male students. In order to further improve the physical health and physical exercise of the visually impaired students, it is suggested that the education department and the sports department should pay more attention to the sports activities of the visually impaired students, and pay special attention to the study of the characteristics of the sports law of the visually impaired students. Strengthening the development of sports contents, methods and means. In addition, it is suggested that the relevant departments intensify the investigation of the current situation of physical health and physical exercise of special education students, and carry out follow-up investigations in order to carry out comprehensive investigations. Accurately reflect the changing law of the physical development of this special group.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：G633.96;G761

【引证文献】