我国少数民族受高等教育权问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 12:42

【摘要】： 受教育的权利,是人类的生存和全面自由发展的重要前提与基础。伴随着人类社会的不断进步和法律制度的逐渐完善,受教育权的社会意义及其重要的法律地位也逐步得到了社会各界的广泛肯定与重视。尽管我国政府对少数民族实施多种优惠政策以帮助其接受高等教育,但事实上,由于历史、自然条件的制约,以及其他诸多现实因素的影响,目前我国少数民族接受高等教育的状况仍然相对比较落后。这种状况又严重制约了少数民族自身和少数民族地区的发展。近年来,少数民族受高等教育权的问题伴随着湖北、重庆等地出现的少数民族高考加分事件,再一次成为社会各界广泛关注与争论的焦点,其中不乏对少数民族高等教育优惠政策必要性和可行性的怀疑,也同样存在如何进一步完善少数民族高等教育相关优惠政策的建议。面对这样的状况,在受教育权的理论指导下,进一步研究探讨我国少数民族受高等教育权的现实状况与相关保障措施,分析其出现各种问题的原因所在,将有助于促进我国少数民族受高等教育权的实现,并为我国少数民族和少数民族地区的经济发展、国家的稳定产生积极的影响。本文从理论与实践的角度出发,在受教育权相关理论的指导下,通过运用文献法和数据分析法,对我国少数民族受高等教育权的发展状况和存在问题进行分析研究,并为如何维护和保障我国少数民族受高等教育权提供相关的建议,以期促进我国少数民族和少数民族地区的发展。本文内容共分四章。第一章为导论,介绍了本文研究的缘起及选题的意义。尽管目前对于我国少数民族接受高等教育的问题,无论是教育学界还是法学界都给予了极大的关注,并出现了不少研究成果,但具体来看,教育学界对于该问题的研究主要还是立足于教育机构的层面,研究受教育权在学校教育中的地位和作用这些问题,而法学界,尤其是宪法学界,其关注点则往往集中于受教育权的宪法司法化问题,并不是受教育权本身。因此,本文选择了从少数民族受高等教育权的状况这个角度进行研究。除此以外,在第一章中,还对文章研究范围的划定和采用的研究方法进行了相关的介绍。第二章,我国少数民族高等教育的发展状况及相关保障。在这一章中,主要介绍了目前为止我国少数民族高等教育的发展状况及所取得的成绩,并分析了取得这些成绩的原因所在。目前来看,经过几十年的努力,我国少数民族接受高等教育的状况确实有了很大的改善,无论是办学结构、办学规模,还是少数民族接受高等教育的实际人数,都取得了很大的成绩。可以说,这些成绩的取得一方面得益于国家法律层面的保障,另一方面则有赖于诸如少数民族高考加分政策、预科班制度、少数民族骨干计划等相关优惠政策的大力支持。正是因为这些制度、政策的支持,有力地促进了我国少数民族高等教育的发展。第三章,我国少数民族受高等教育权在现实方面存在的问题。在这一章里通过对现实状况的表述和相关统计数据的分析,发现少数民族受高等教育权在现实状况中仍然存在不少问题,并面临着诸多困境,这些主要表现在少数民族受高等教育存在着不平等的现象,而且少数民族在接受高等教育的过程中也处于弱势地位,与此同时,由于我国高校扩招及高校收费制度的改革,对少数民族接受高等教育也造成了一定的影响,再加上民族高等院校的专业设置不尽合理,以及少数民族高等教育优惠政策在落实过程中出现的种种问题等。这一系列问题的存在,对进一步发展少数民族高等教育造成了较大的阻碍。第四章,对保障我国少数民族受高等教育权的建议。在这一章中,针对第三章提出的各种现实问题,就如何解决问题,维护、保障少数民族接受高等教育的权利,首先从法律的角度,对少数民族高等教育立法、少数民族高等教育的信息公开、少数民族高等教育的监督以及少数民族高等教育的司法保障提出了一些相关的建议,另外还从高校自主招生、国家财政资助等其他多个角度提出了一些相关的建议,以期多维度切实保护好少数民族受高等教育权的实现,促进少数民族和少数民族地区的发展。
[Abstract]:The right to receive education is an important prerequisite and foundation for the survival and all-round free development of mankind. With the continuous progress of human society and the gradual improvement of the legal system, the social significance of the right to receive education and its important legal status have gradually been widely recognized and valued by all walks of life. There are many preferential policies to help them receive higher education, but in fact, due to the restrictions of history, natural conditions and many other practical factors, the situation of minority nationalities receiving higher education in China is still relatively backward. This situation has seriously restricted the development of minority nationalities themselves and minority areas in recent years. The issue of ethnic minorities'right to receive higher education has once again become the focus of widespread concern and debate in the community, accompanied by the increase of scores in the college entrance examination for ethnic minorities in Hubei and Chongqing. There are many doubts about the necessity and feasibility of the preferential policies for ethnic minorities' higher education, and there are also some doubts about how to further improve ethnic minorities'rights to receive higher education. Facing this situation, under the guidance of the theory of the right to education, further study and probe into the reality of the right to higher education of ethnic minorities in China and relevant safeguards, and analyze the causes of various problems, will help to promote the realization of the right to higher education of ethnic minorities in China. It also has a positive impact on the economic development and the stability of our country in the minority and minority areas.
From the angle of theory and practice, under the guidance of the relevant theories of the right to education, this paper analyzes and studies the development and existing problems of the right to higher education of ethnic minorities in China by using the methods of literature and data analysis, and provides relevant suggestions on how to safeguard and protect the right to higher education of ethnic minorities in China. To promote the development of minority and minority areas in China.
The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the origin of the study and the significance of the topic. Although the problem of minority nationalities receiving higher education in China has been paid great attention by both educational and legal circles, and a lot of research results have emerged, but specifically, the educational circles for this problem. The research is mainly based on the level of educational institutions to study the status and role of the right to education in school education, while the legal circles, especially the constitutional circles, tend to focus on the constitutional judicialization of the right to education, not the right to education itself. In addition, in the first chapter, the definition of the scope of the article and the research methods used are also introduced.
In this chapter, it mainly introduces the development and achievements of higher education for ethnic minorities in China up to now, and analyzes the reasons for these achievements. At present, after decades of efforts, ethnic minorities in China have accepted higher education. The situation of education has indeed been greatly improved, and great achievements have been made in terms of school structure, school scale and the actual number of ethnic minorities receiving higher education. The class system and the minority backbone plan are strongly supported by the relevant preferential policies. It is precisely because of these systems and policies that the development of minority higher education in China has been greatly promoted.
In this chapter, through the analysis of the actual situation and the relevant statistical data, we find that there are still many problems in the actual situation of the right to higher education of ethnic minorities, and face many difficulties, which are mainly manifested in the higher education of ethnic minorities. There are inequalities in education and minorities are in a disadvantaged position in the process of receiving higher education. At the same time, due to the expansion of enrollment and the reform of the fee system in Colleges and universities in China, it also has a certain impact on minorities'accepting higher education, and the unreasonable specialty settings in Minority Colleges and universities. The problems in the implementation of the preferential policies for higher education for ethnic minorities have caused great obstacles to the further development of higher education for ethnic minorities.
Chapter Four: Suggestions on Guaranteeing the Right of Ethnic Minorities to receive Higher Education in China. In this chapter, in view of the various practical problems raised in Chapter Three, how to solve the problems, safeguard and guarantee the right of ethnic minorities to receive higher education, first of all, from the legal point of view, the legislation of higher education for ethnic minorities, and the disclosure of information on higher education for ethnic minorities The supervision of minority higher education and the judicial guarantee of minority higher education have put forward some relevant suggestions. In addition, some relevant suggestions have been put forward from the independent enrollment of College students, state financial assistance and other aspects, with a view to effectively protecting the realization of minority's right to receive higher education in a multi-dimensional way and promoting minority nationalities. And the development of ethnic minority areas.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G759.2

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