上海市特殊学校体育教育现状与发展对策研究
发布时间：2018-08-26 06:47
【摘要】： 随着社会的不断进步与发展,社会的物质文明和精神文明不断的提高,我国的残疾人和特殊教育事业成为政府部门和社会关注的热点问题。特殊体育教育是特殊教育的重要组成部分,特殊体育教育的目标是“掌握锻炼身体的基本方法,具备较好的个人卫生习惯和身体素质,健康水平得到不断提高,初步掌握补偿自身缺陷的基本锻炼方法,身心缺陷得到一定程度的康复”。由此可见,体育在特殊教育中的地位和作用举足轻重。 本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法、实地考察法对上海市的19所特殊教育学校的部分领导、教师和学生在体育教学、体育师资、课外体育活动与训练、场地器材与经费等方面进行调查与分析,发现上海市特殊学校体育教育近几年来取得了一定的成绩:体育课教学有专门为特殊学生制定的大纲教材;体育教师年龄与学历结构基本合理;教师的科研能力较强;早、课间操开展情况良好;室外场地、器材基本能够满足体育课需求;课余体育训练成绩较为显著。取得成绩的同时还存在一些不足,主要有:学生上体育课的目的不够明确;目前还没有一套统一有效的体育课程评价方法;体育课内容缺少康复性体育项目;参照执行《中学生体育合格标准》实施情况不容乐观;专业特教体育教师人数太少;高职称的体育教师缺乏;男、女教师比例不尽合理;课外体育活动缺乏有效的组织和指导;室内体育场馆缺乏。 针对上海市特殊学校体育现实中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策与建议:加大体育教学的管理、监督力度;更新体育教学观念,加强培养残疾学生的体育意识;加快体育教学改革,实施体育与健康课程标准;丰富体育课教学形式与教学内容,开设健身性、娱乐性、康复性运动项目;建立评价内容多元、评价方法多样的体育课教学评价体系;改造、开发现有运动项目的练习方法和手段,使之适应特殊体育教学需要;加强在职体育教师的知识、能力培养;师范、体育院校开辟特殊体育新学科,培养特殊体育高素质、高层次的专业人才;淡化竞技运动项目,丰富课外体育活动内容;充分发挥各种人力资源,加强课外体育的组织指导;结合普校开展课余体育活动与运动竞赛,增进特殊学生与社会的沟通;增加体育经费投入,改善体育场地器材,增加室内场馆建设。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of the society, the material and spiritual civilization of the society has been continuously improved, the disabled and special education in our country have become a hot issue concerned by the government and the society. Special physical education is an important part of special education. The goal of special physical education is to "master the basic methods of physical exercise, have good personal hygiene habits and physical fitness, and improve the level of health." Master the basic exercise method to compensate oneself defect preliminarily, the body and mind defect obtains certain degree of rehabilitation. Thus, sports in special education in the position and role of pivotal. In this paper, some leaders of 19 special education schools in Shanghai, teachers and students in physical education teaching, physical education teachers, extracurricular sports activities and training, are used in literature, questionnaire, interview, mathematical statistics and field investigation. Through investigation and analysis of site equipment and funds, it is found that physical education in Shanghai special schools has made certain achievements in recent years: physical education teaching has a special syllabus for special students; Physical education teachers' age and educational background structure is basically reasonable; teachers' scientific research ability is strong; early, class exercises are carried out well; outdoor venues, equipment can basically meet the needs of physical education; extracurricular sports training results are more significant. At the same time, there are some shortcomings, such as: the purpose of physical education for students is not clear enough; there is not a set of unified and effective evaluation methods of physical education curriculum; the content of physical education is lack of rehabilitation sports; According to the implementation of the qualified standard of physical education for middle school students, the implementation situation is not optimistic; the number of specialized PE teachers is too small; the number of PE teachers with high professional titles is short; the proportion of male and female teachers is not reasonable; the extracurricular sports activities lack of effective organization and guidance; Lack of indoor stadiums and gymnasiums. In view of the problems existing in the reality of physical education in Shanghai special schools, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: to strengthen the management and supervision of physical education teaching, to renew the concept of physical education teaching, and to strengthen the cultivation of sports consciousness of students with disabilities; Speed up the reform of physical education, implement the curriculum standard of physical education and health, enrich the teaching form and content of physical education, set up fitness, recreational and rehabilitative sports, set up multiple evaluation contents, Various evaluation methods of physical education teaching evaluation system; reform and development of the existing sports exercise methods and means to adapt to the special sports teaching needs; strengthen the in-service physical education teachers' knowledge, ability training, teachers, teachers, Sports colleges and universities open up new disciplines of special sports, cultivate high quality and high level professionals of special sports, desalinate sports events, enrich extracurricular sports activities, give full play to all kinds of human resources, and strengthen the organization and guidance of extracurricular sports. In order to promote the communication between the special students and the society, to increase the investment of sports funds, to improve the equipment of sports venues and to increase the construction of indoor stadiums and gymnasiums.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G807.4
本文编号：2204056
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of the society, the material and spiritual civilization of the society has been continuously improved, the disabled and special education in our country have become a hot issue concerned by the government and the society. Special physical education is an important part of special education. The goal of special physical education is to "master the basic methods of physical exercise, have good personal hygiene habits and physical fitness, and improve the level of health." Master the basic exercise method to compensate oneself defect preliminarily, the body and mind defect obtains certain degree of rehabilitation. Thus, sports in special education in the position and role of pivotal. In this paper, some leaders of 19 special education schools in Shanghai, teachers and students in physical education teaching, physical education teachers, extracurricular sports activities and training, are used in literature, questionnaire, interview, mathematical statistics and field investigation. Through investigation and analysis of site equipment and funds, it is found that physical education in Shanghai special schools has made certain achievements in recent years: physical education teaching has a special syllabus for special students; Physical education teachers' age and educational background structure is basically reasonable; teachers' scientific research ability is strong; early, class exercises are carried out well; outdoor venues, equipment can basically meet the needs of physical education; extracurricular sports training results are more significant. At the same time, there are some shortcomings, such as: the purpose of physical education for students is not clear enough; there is not a set of unified and effective evaluation methods of physical education curriculum; the content of physical education is lack of rehabilitation sports; According to the implementation of the qualified standard of physical education for middle school students, the implementation situation is not optimistic; the number of specialized PE teachers is too small; the number of PE teachers with high professional titles is short; the proportion of male and female teachers is not reasonable; the extracurricular sports activities lack of effective organization and guidance; Lack of indoor stadiums and gymnasiums. In view of the problems existing in the reality of physical education in Shanghai special schools, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: to strengthen the management and supervision of physical education teaching, to renew the concept of physical education teaching, and to strengthen the cultivation of sports consciousness of students with disabilities; Speed up the reform of physical education, implement the curriculum standard of physical education and health, enrich the teaching form and content of physical education, set up fitness, recreational and rehabilitative sports, set up multiple evaluation contents, Various evaluation methods of physical education teaching evaluation system; reform and development of the existing sports exercise methods and means to adapt to the special sports teaching needs; strengthen the in-service physical education teachers' knowledge, ability training, teachers, teachers, Sports colleges and universities open up new disciplines of special sports, cultivate high quality and high level professionals of special sports, desalinate sports events, enrich extracurricular sports activities, give full play to all kinds of human resources, and strengthen the organization and guidance of extracurricular sports. In order to promote the communication between the special students and the society, to increase the investment of sports funds, to improve the equipment of sports venues and to increase the construction of indoor stadiums and gymnasiums.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G807.4
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
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相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 程晓玲;武汉市特殊教育学校体育教育现状与对策研究[D];武汉体育学院;2011年
2 于金湖;吉林市高校特殊群体体育教育理论现状调查与对策的研究[D];吉林体育学院;2012年
3 于金湖;吉林市高校特殊群体体育教育现状调查与对策的研究[D];吉林体育学院;2012年
4 冯秀敏;西安市中小学阳光体育运动实施效果评价指标体系研究[D];西安体育学院;2013年
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