纳西族古代教育思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 11:11

【摘要】：纳西族是中国少数民族之一,具有悠久的历史,形成了独具特色的东巴文化,其中《东巴经》是纳西族最具代表性的；唐朝时期开始,纳西当地受到儒家文化的影响越来越大,儒学成为丽江一带的主流文化。在学术界,国内外学者对《东巴经》和纳西族的研究繁多,而教育实践和教育思想的研究比较匮乏。教育思想是“对教育现象的理想认识”,并直接指导教育实践,通过对纳西族教育实践的分析,归纳、总结其中所蕴含的教育思想。研究主要是依据《东巴经》中的三部经典《创世纪》、《鲁般鲁饶》和《黑白之战》的具体内容,挖掘其中的教育思想；并对与纳西族教育有关的文献进行深入分析,运用教育学相关原理和思想进行理论阐述。通过对东巴经典《创世纪》、《鲁般鲁饶》和《黑白之战》中的具体内容、英雄形象、对纳西族后人的影响等进行分析,探究纳西族东巴文化中对人才培养的目的,包括道德品质与性格特征；古代纳西族教育的功能是培养纳西族后人民族观念与族群观念；东巴文化教育内容是非常丰富的,涉及人类发展与生活的多个方面,如人与人及人与自然之间的和谐关系、“善恶共存,人无完人”的人性观、“善有善报,恶有恶报”、技能和爱情婚姻观的因果观念；教育方式则主要依托于东巴教和家庭教育。随着历史的朝代变迁,纳西族在元代以后到清后,政治、经济与文化对当地教育产生深远影响,首先,纳西族教育目的也发生了变化,以培养纳西人的儒家思想和维护地方统治为主：其次,教育功能除基本的育人功能以外,还具有极强的社会功能；另外,由于文化变迁,也导致教育内容发生巨大变化,以汉语言文学、儒家思想和风俗习惯为主要内容；最后,教育方式上,除了原有的家庭教育与东巴教有,儒学教育在纳西族聚居地逐渐形成,并成为最主要的纳西族教育方式,除了木氏土司家族设立的学堂外,相继建立了多个学宫、书院、义馆和私塾,并对当地的纳西人民的生活和文化产生了深远影响。通过对前两部分的内容进行提炼,总结形成纳西族古代教育思想的特点。纳西族人尊师重教,形成了良好的学习与教育环境,东巴教育本身具有一定的宗教性,教育发展的过程中也伴随着逐渐明显的阶级性,而东巴经中的教育内容具有较强的普适性,且较为重视道德品质方面的教育,纳西族在与其他周边民族的交流与互动中,也表现出了极强的接纳与包容程度,并积极吸取其他优秀传统文化丰富本民族文化。并且针对当前教育现状和某些教育或社会问题,试图探究纳西族古代教育思想在当今时代的启发和借鉴意义,主要从纳西族古代教育特点进行分析,以传承民族文化中的教育思想精髓,在当地学校教授东巴文化与教育的内容。与此同时,通过各种方式、手段、媒介将这种优秀文化在世界范围里传播,使得更多的人从中受益。
[Abstract]:Naxi is one of the minority nationalities in China. It has a long history and has formed a unique Dongba culture, in which the Dongba Classic is the most representative of the Naxi. Since the Tang Dynasty, the local Naxi has been more and more influenced by the Confucian culture. Confucianism became the mainstream culture in Lijiang. In academic circles, there are many researches on Dongba Classic and Naxi nationality, but the research on educational practice and educational thought is scarce. The educational thought is "the ideal cognition to the educational phenomenon", and directly guides the educational practice, through the analysis to the Naxi nationality educational practice, induces, summarizes the educational thought contained therein. The research is mainly based on the specific contents of the three classics in Dongba, the Genesis, the Rubalurao and the War of Black and White, and analyzes the literature related to the education of the Naxi people. Use pedagogy related principle and thought to carry on the theory elaboration. Based on the analysis of Dongba Classics Genesis, Lu Baloo and the Battle of Black and White, the paper analyzes the specific contents, heroic images and the influence on the descendants of the Naxi people, and explores the purpose of cultivating talents in the Dongba culture of the Naxi people. The function of ancient Naxi education is to cultivate the national and ethnic concepts of the later generations of the Naxi people, and Dongba's cultural and educational contents are very rich and involve many aspects of human development and life. Such as the harmonious relationship between man and nature, the human nature view of "coexistence of good and evil, no perfect man", the concept of causality of "good with good, bad with evil", skill and view of love and marriage; The way of education mainly depends on Dongba education and family education. With the change of history, the Naxi nationality had a profound influence on local education after Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. First, the purpose of Naxi education also changed. In order to cultivate the Confucianism of Naxi people and maintain local rule, the educational function has a strong social function in addition to its basic educational function. In addition, because of the cultural changes, the educational content has also undergone great changes. The main contents are Chinese language and literature, Confucian thought and custom. Finally, in addition to the original family education and Dongba education, Confucianism education has gradually formed in the Naxi community and become the most important way of Naxi education. In addition to the schools set up by the Mushi Tusi family, a number of palaces, academies, idols and private schools have been established, which have had a profound impact on the life and culture of the local Naxi people. By refining the contents of the first two parts, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the ancient Naxi educational thought. Naxi people respected teachers and attached importance to education, forming a good learning and educational environment. Dongba education itself had a certain religious character, and the process of educational development was accompanied by gradually obvious class nature. The educational content of Dongba Classic has a strong universality, and more emphasis on moral quality education, Naxi people in the exchange and interaction with other surrounding ethnic groups, also showed a strong degree of acceptance and tolerance. And actively absorb other excellent traditional culture to enrich the national culture. In the light of the current educational situation and some educational or social problems, this paper attempts to explore the enlightenment and reference significance of the ancient Naxi educational thought in the present era, and mainly analyzes the characteristics of the ancient education of the Naxi nationality. In order to pass on the essence of educational thought in national culture, Dongba culture and education are taught in local schools. At the same time, through various ways and means, the media will spread this excellent culture around the world, so that more people benefit from it.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G40-092

【参考文献】