科学与工程在小学科学教学实践中的整合

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:17

本文选题：STEM　切入点：科学与工程实践　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：STEM教育在全球的兴起、美国《新一代K-12科学教育标准》的颁布,为科学教育的改革指明了新的方向。对两者进行分析可以发现,今日的科学教育试图为学生创造更多动手实践的机会,让学生在应用中理解科学概念。在这种大背景下,我国新颁布了《小学科学课程标准》并增加了技术与工程的内容。但考虑到一线教师缺乏工程教学经验,又常常基于教材进行教学,所以笔者试图通过案例展示,为他们进行科学与工程实践相结合的教学提供思路。研究以“科学与工程在我国小学课堂中的融合”为主题,笔者结合法国做中学项目案例构架和国外优秀科学教育案例活动,通过分析我国课程标准、教材和国外优秀案例,重新设计课程结构、内容和课堂组织,达到科学与工程实践的整合。研究主要呈现了两个科学与工程实践结合案例,分别是《热传递》、《植物的茎和叶》。案例《热传递》以“全球变暖,为企鹅建造防热房屋”为中心,分为科学活动和工程活动。科学活动中,学生了解了热传递、热对流、不同材料的隔热性能、怎样有效阻隔热辐射等知识与概念;工程活动中,学生以“为企鹅形冰块建造隔热房屋”为题,经历工程设计的完整流程,了解不同材料的隔热性能、工程实践的各种限制条件、科学知识在工程建造中的应用,从而加深概念理解。和案例《热传递》类似,《植物的茎和叶》通过“水到了植物的哪些部位?”“红水如何通过茎?”“叶有什么作用?”“建造植物模型”几个内容,帮助学生了解植物结构和内部运作机能,对植物形成整体的认识。并通过建造植物系统模型,继续深化理解。研究不仅仅停留在案例设计,还希望能够为一线教师提供一些有启迪性的建议。通过分析、总结优秀科学教育案例与本论文的设计,笔者给出了科学与工程在小学科学课堂中整合的四点建议,它们分别是:1、为了促进科学与工程在小学科学课堂中的融合,应基于课程标准选取科学概念2、在科学为主的活动中加入工程实践,促进科学与工程的整合3、在工程实践环节应用工程设计的完整流程4、选择国外案例进行再设计时,注意将教学媒体本土化、生活化。科学与工程的整合,符合当今融合的课程理念,又有助于学生以整体的角度去思考和看待问题,希望通过本文的理论与实践分析,为一线教师提供科学与工程实践在课堂中的整合提供更多思路借鉴与指导。
[Abstract]:The rise of STEM education in the world and the promulgation of the New Generation K-12 Science Education Standard in the United States point out a new direction for the reform of science education. Today's science education attempts to create more hands-on opportunities for students to understand scientific concepts in their applications. In our country, the Science Curriculum Standard of Primary School has been promulgated and the contents of technology and engineering have been added. However, considering the lack of engineering teaching experience of front-line teachers and teaching based on teaching materials, the author tries to demonstrate it by case study. The research takes "the integration of science and engineering in the classroom of primary school in our country" as the theme, combined with the case framework of the middle school project in France and the case activities of foreign excellent science education. By analyzing Chinese curriculum standards, teaching materials and foreign excellent cases, redesigning curriculum structure, content and classroom organization, the integration of science and engineering practice is achieved. The research mainly presents two cases of combination of science and engineering practice. It's "Heat transfer", "Plant Stem and Leaf". Case < Heat transfer > centered on "Global warming, building heat-proof houses for penguins," divided into scientific and engineering activities, in which students learn about heat transfer, heat convection, Knowledge and concepts of heat insulation of different materials, how to effectively block heat radiation, etc. In engineering activities, students have experienced the complete process of engineering design to understand the thermal insulation properties of different materials under the title of "building insulated houses for penguin-shaped ice cubes." The limitations of engineering practice, the application of scientific knowledge in engineering construction, thus deepening the conceptual understanding. Similar to the case of heat transfer, the stem and leaf of plants pass through "where does water reach the plant?" "" how does red water pass through the stem? "what is the effect of the leaf? "the building of plant models helps students understand plant structures and internal functioning, understand plants as a whole, and, by building plant system models, continue to deepen their understanding. The author also hopes to provide some enlightening suggestions for first-line teachers. Through analysis, summing up the excellent cases of science education and the design of this paper, the author gives four suggestions on the integration of science and engineering in the primary school science classroom. In order to promote the integration of science and engineering in the science classroom of primary schools, we should select scientific concepts 2 based on curriculum standards and add engineering practice to science-oriented activities. To promote the integration of science and engineering 3, to apply the complete process of engineering design in engineering practice, to select foreign cases for re-design, to pay attention to the localization of teaching media and the integration of science and engineering, In line with today's integrated curriculum concept, it is also helpful for students to think and look at problems from a holistic perspective, hoping that through the theoretical and practical analysis of this paper, To provide teachers with the integration of science and engineering practice in the classroom to provide more ideas and guidance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

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