爬行运动对五年级小学生灵敏素质影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 08:32

本文选题：爬行运动 + 小学生　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着当今社会经济的快速增长,人们的生活质量的逐渐提高。家长在重视孩子学习成绩的同时,却对孩子的身体素质关注相对较少。尤其是小学阶段,家长们在要求孩子们各类兴趣班、辅导班学习的同时,却往往忽略了孩子们身体素质地提高。五年级阶段的少年儿童正处于身体发育的高峰期,这一阶段是提高小学生身体灵敏性、协调性等运动素质和学习基本运动技能的关键时期。着重发展孩子的身体素质和最基础的运动能力,即灵敏、平衡、协调和速度,从而更好地发展孩子们的运动能力,提高身体素质,为以后的学习和发展提供了一个身体基础。爬行运动逐渐深受广大健身爱好者的青睐,从运动解剖学角度讲爬行时可将全身的重量分散到四肢,减轻身体其他部位的负荷压力。站立时,脊柱承受身体百分之六十的重量,爬行时身体由直立位转变为水平位,能够大大减轻脊柱负重,增加脊柱周围的肌肉力量和弹性,预防并矫正脊柱侧弯和后凸。从运动医学角度讲爬行时身体的水平位替代身体日常时候的直立位,心脏和胸腔等以上部位得到降低,可以降低心脏的供血压力,有利于全身的血液循环,头部下垂使血流量得到充分的增加,对防治心血管疾病和改善大脑的血液循环有积极作用。从健身角度爬行是全身性协调活动,全身的肌肉、韧带、骨骼及其神经系统都要加入运动,有利于对核心肌肉群的力量训练,故而能够有效地提高身体运动素质。灵敏素质是一项综合的运动素质,是指人体能够在各种复杂的条件下,能够在短时间内协调、准确的改变身体的运动姿势,调整身体运动方向和进行随机应变的能力。灵敏素质是一项内容复杂的综合性身体素质,与力量的大小,速度的快慢,身体的协调性有着密切的关系。纵观此领域的相关研究中,有关力量、速度、耐力素质的研究相对较多,而关于灵敏素质的研究相对较少,针对小学阶段学生灵敏素质的研究更少。灵敏素质作为身体运动素质的一项重要组成部分,其发展水平也是衡量学生体质健康水平和体育学习情况的一个重要指标,同时也是对体育课程教学效果的反馈。本论文的研究通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法和数理统计法等研究方法,以理论知识结合教学实践进行分析探讨,以石家庄市建明小学五年级两个班124名学生和石家庄市裕东小学五年级两个班92名学生,以爬行运动作为实验课堂干预手段,进行了为期16周的教学实验,实验前和实验后对实验所选取的实验样本进行灵敏素质测试(20s反复横跨跳、15s立卧撑、4×10m折返跑、十字象限跳、六角球抓球),获得完整数据,并运用SPSS18.0进行数据统计分析。研究结果:(1)两所学校的对照班实验前和实验后的五项灵敏素质指标对比均不存在显著性差异(P0.05);实验班实验前和实验后的五项灵敏素质指标对比均存在显著性差异(P0.05);(2)在实验后建明小学实验班与对照班五项灵敏素质指标中15s立卧撑、4×10m折返跑和十字象限跳三项指标存在显著性差异(P0.05),其余20s反复横跨跳和六角球抓球两项指标不存在显著性差异(P0.05);裕华东路小学实验班与对照班五项灵敏素质指标中15s立卧撑、4×10m折返跑和六角球抓球三项指标存在显著性差异(P0.05),其余20s反复横跨跳和十字象限跳两项指标不存在显著性差异(P0.05)。研究结论:(1)爬行运动对五年级小学生灵敏素质地提高具有积极的影响;(2)两处实验地点的实验结果具有一致性,由此证明此实验具有可复制性;(3)爬行运动可以适当地在五年级小学生体育课堂中进行开展,从而更高效地提高五年级小学生的灵敏素质。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of social economy, people's quality of life has been improved gradually. Parents pay more attention to their children's academic performance, but they pay less attention to their children's physical quality. Especially in the primary school stage, parents often ignore the physical quality of their children while they are asking for their children's classes of interest and tutoring classes. The young children in grade five are at the peak of physical development. This stage is the key period to improve the physical agility, coordination and other sports qualities of the pupils. The development of the children's physical quality and the most basic sports ability, namely, sensitivity, balance, coordination and speed, is better developed. Children's ability to exercise, improve their physical quality and provide a physical basis for future study and development. Crawling is gradually favored by the majority of the fitness enthusiasts. From the point of view of sports anatomy, crawling can spread the weight of the body to the limbs and reduce the stress of other parts of the body. When standing, the spine bears the body. Sixty of the weight, when the body is crawling from erect position to horizontal position, can greatly reduce the weight of the spine, increase the strength and elasticity of the muscles around the spine, prevent and correct the scoliosis and kyphosis. From the medical point of view, the level of the body is replaced by the upright position, the heart and the chest, and so on. It can reduce the pressure of the blood supply of the heart, is beneficial to the circulation of the whole body, the droop of the head makes the blood flow increase fully, and has a positive effect on the prevention and cure of cardiovascular disease and the improvement of the blood circulation of the brain. Sports, which is beneficial to the strength training of the core muscle group, thus can effectively improve the physical quality of the body. The sensitive quality is a comprehensive sport quality, which means that the body can coordinate the body in a short time, change the body movement position, adjust the direction of the body movement and carry on the strain of the body in a short time under various complex conditions. Ability. Sensitive quality is a complex and comprehensive physical quality, which has a close relationship with the size of power, speed and the coordination of the body. In this field, the research on the strength, speed, and endurance quality is relatively more, and the research on the quality of the spirit is relatively few, aiming at the students' spirit in the primary school stage. Sensitive quality is less studied. Sensitive quality is an important part of physical fitness. Its development level is also an important indicator to measure the health level of students' physical health and physical education. It is also a feedback to the teaching effect of physical education. The research of this thesis is conducted through literature, expert interview and experimental method. With the method of mathematical statistics and other research methods, with the combination of theoretical knowledge and teaching practice, 124 students of two classes in grade five of Jianming primary school in Shijiazhuang and 92 students in two classes of five grade five of Yudong primary school in Shijiazhuang city were used as the intervention means of the experimental class for 16 weeks, and the experiment was carried out for 16 weeks before and after the experiment. After the test, the sensitive quality tests were carried out on the experimental samples selected by the experiment (20s repeated jump, 15s standing brace, 4 x 10m return running, cross quadrant jump, six corner ball catching), and obtained complete data, and used SPSS18.0 to analyze the data. The results were as follows: (1) five sensitive quality indexes before and after the control class in two school. There was no significant difference in comparison (P0.05); there were significant differences between the five sensitive indexes before and after the experiment (P0.05); (2) there were significant differences in the three indexes of the 4 x 10m return run and the cross quadrant jump (P0.05) in the five sensitive quality indexes of the experimental class and the control class after the experiment. There is no significant difference between the two indexes of repeated 20s cross jumping and six corner ball catching (P0.05); there are significant differences between the three indexes of the five sensitive quality indexes of Yuhua East Road Primary School and the control class in five sensitive quality indexes, and there are significant differences between the 4 x 10m reentry running and the six corner ball catch (P0.05), and the remaining two indexes of the residual 20s cross jump and the cross quadrant jump do not exist. Significant differences (P0.05). Research conclusions: (1) the crawl movement has a positive influence on the sensitivity of grade five pupils; (2) the experimental results in the two experimental sites are consistent, which proves that the experiment is reproducible; (3) the crawling movement can be carried out locally in the pupils' physical education class in grade five. Improve the sensitivity of primary school students in grade five.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8

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