小学阶段少先队仪式的功能研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:20

本文选题：少年儿童组织 + 少先队　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：有关仪式的研究已经有了相当长的一段历史,仪式有着丰富的内涵,在不同条件、不同历史时期被赋予了不同的意义。仪式广泛地存在于人们的日常生活并出现于各种正式性的场合,作为一种程序性极强的“表演”,仪式有其自身存在的特殊价值。随着教育观念的开放与进步,仪式作为一种新的教育手段开始进入公众的视野并越来越受到人们的重视。少年儿童组织的仪式活动相对于一般的学校活动具有群体认同性、心理暗示性、实践体验性与内容外显性等特点,这主要是由少年儿童组织的特殊性决定的。由于少年儿童组织的概念较为宽泛,所以在这里我选取了小学最为常见的少年儿童组织——少先队作为研究群体。我的研究主要是沿着“少先队仪式现有的实际情况——少先队仪式是如何开展的——开展过程中具体实现了哪些功能”这个思路进行分析的,旨在呈现当下少先队仪式活动的现状,认识并了解少先队仪式所体现的教育功能,掌握仪式活动功能可能的新动向。不仅是对小学阶段仪式教育理论的补充,同时也是对少年儿童生命成长的关注。研究主要采用了文献法、访谈法、问卷法和观察法作为论文的研究方法。通过查阅仪式研究的相关文献,并在人类学、社会学、教育学、政治学相关理论和知识的基础上对仪式的内涵进行了界定,对仪式的分类以及仪式与社会之间的关系进行了分析。选取了家乡安徽芜湖市S小学和广西桂林市H小学为现场进行实地调研,2015年5月正式进入现场,主要观察少年队组织开展的各项仪式活动,访谈对象为两所小学的大、中队辅导员及个别学生,问卷发放主要集中在四、五、六三个年级。材料收集主要是以观察记录和访谈的方式进行。少年儿童组织的仪式活动并不是固定不变的,而是会随着历史和时代的前进不断丰富或劣汰,少先队仪式的执行有着自身一套严格的程序,象征着一种神圣性,仪式的每个环节又都具有一定的教育意义。少先队仪式的功能体现在社会功能及个人功能两个方面。少先队仪式能够传承少先队组织的文化、对组织成员进行政治思想的教化(有利于促进少年儿童的政治社会化)、维系群体并起到稳定社会的作用,这是少先队仪式的社会功能体现。而对个人来说,少先队仪式又是对少年儿童思想的洗礼,儿童在仪式中感受到了快乐,仪式唤醒了少年儿童内心深处与他人及与自身的情感,并激发他们不断地学习并完善自身,同时强化了他们发现自己、转换自己以适应新角色的能力。少先队仪式虽具备以上种种功能,但在具体开展过程中又存在着一些问题,如活动堆积开展、目标不够明确、管理存在偏失、成人引导者自身专业素养不够等等,这些问题背后有来自学校、引导者、儿童自身、社会等多方面的原因,如何有效地针对目前所存在的困境提出可实施性对策是非常必要的。将少先队仪式的功能尽可能地发挥出来,物尽其用,才能体现出少先队仪式的价值所在。
[Abstract]:The ritual research has already had a long history. The ritual has a rich connotation, which has been given different meanings in different conditions and different historical periods. The ceremony widely exists in people's daily life and appears in various formal occasions. As a highly ordered "performance", the ritual has its own existence. With the opening and progress of educational concept, ritual as a new means of education has begun to enter the public view and more and more people pay attention to it. The ritual activities of children's organizations have the characteristics of group recognition, psychological suggestive, practical experience and content extrinsic dominance relative to the general school activities. It is mainly decided by the particularity of the children's organization. Since the concept of the youth and children's organization is more extensive, I choose the most common children's organization, the young pioneers, as the research group. My research is mainly along "the actual situation of the young pioneers Ritual - how the young pioneers ritual is open." This idea is analyzed in order to present the present situation of the ritual activities of the young pioneers, to understand and understand the educational functions embodied in the ritual of the young pioneers, to master the possible new trends in the function of the ritual activities. The study mainly adopts the literature method, interview method, questionnaire method and observation method as the research method of the paper. Through consulting the relevant literature of the ritual research, and on the basis of anthropology, sociology, education, politics and related theories and knowledge, the connotation of ritual is defined and the ritual is classified. The relationship between the ritual and the society was analyzed. A field survey was conducted on the site of S primary school in Wuhu, Anhui, and H primary school in Guilin, Guangxi. In May 2015, it formally entered the scene, mainly observing the ritual activities carried out by the youth team organization. The interview subjects were two junior schools, the squadron counselors and individual students. It is mainly concentrated in four, five, 63 grades. The material collection is conducted mainly by observation and interview. The ritual activities of the children's organization are not fixed, but will be enriched or inferior with the progress of history and the times. The execution of the young pioneers' ceremony has its own strict procedure, symbolizing a kind of God. Every link of the ritual has a certain educational significance. The function of the ritual of the young pioneers is embodied in two aspects of social function and personal function. The ceremony of the young pioneers can inherit the culture of the young pioneers, make the political thought of the members of the organization (to promote the political socialization of the young children), maintain the group and play the part. To stabilize the society, this is the social function of the young pioneers' ritual. For the individual, the ceremony of the young pioneers is the baptism of the children's thought, and the children feel happy in the ritual. The ritual awakens the feelings of the children and others and themselves, and inspires them to learn and improve themselves constantly. At the same time, they are strong. Although they have the ability to find themselves and adapt themselves to the new role, the ritual of the young pioneers has all the above functions, but there are some problems in the process of development, such as the accumulation of activities, the lack of clear goals, the loss of management, the lack of professional literacy of the adult, and so on. These problems are behind the school. It is very necessary for the guide, the children themselves, the society and many other reasons to put forward the practical countermeasures against the current predicament. The function of the ritual of the young pioneers can be played as much as possible to show the value of the ritual of the young pioneers.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D432.51

【相似文献】