博士生科研绩效及其影响因素的实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 15:34

本文关键词： 博士生科研绩效社会资本导师因素主观态度组织氛围　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从上世纪七十年代以来,越来越多的学者开始关注于国家、高等院校和科研工作者的科研产出研究(Dundar and Lewis,1998)。相关研究的关注点主要在国家、高校等组织以及教员等个体科研工作者层面,对博士生科研产出的研究较少(Chung and Petrick,2011),国内学者对该主题的研究还停留在理论论述、思辨的层面上,缺少以数据为支撑的实证研究,因此对一些现象、作用机理、原因和对策的解释力度不足。我国博士生教育有一定的中国特色,将国外的研究成果套用在国内的教育背景下显得有些水土不服,不能适应中国的教育体制,故本文以中国的博士生为研究对象,搜集相关数据,基于实证研究的思路构建博士生科研绩效影响因素模型,找出提升博士生科研绩效的关键因素,进而弥补这一缺口。博士生科研绩效是指博士生攻读博士学位时所创造出的科研产出,直接体现为：科研论文、参与研发项目和专利发明,是博士生科研能力的重要反映。笔者认为博士生科研绩效水平能够有效地反映出博士生培养质量的优劣；对影响博士生科研绩效的关键因素进行深入分析,进而发现我国博士教育存在的主要问题,寻找到博士质量提升的关键点和有效途径。本论文在总结现有科研绩效测量方法优劣的基础上,结合我国博士教育的特点,提出根据SCI分区对学术论文质量进行排序分级,并设置相应权重的测量方法。该方法在很大程度上避免了学科差异的影响,使得测量结果可以用于不同学科之间的比较研究。本论文对博士生科研绩效的影响因素进行了积极的探索,为了扩展和丰富现有教育理论,试图建立社会资本与博士生科研绩效管理之间的联系。考虑到中国人文化中“关系”这一概念,与西方观念中的"social network"类似(Gold et al.,2002)。国内外学者和实践家普遍将“关系”(guanxi)视为是中国社会中,个体在社会生活、工作等方方面面取得成功的必备要素。因此,本论文将这一概念引入到博士生教育的研究中来,在研究2中初步证实了师生关系对博士生科研绩效有着重要促进作用。进而在研究3中进一步拓展了“关系”的范围,基于社会资本理论,重点探究博士生与导师之间的人际关系,以及与周围同学建立的良好关系对博士生自身科研活动的开展和科研成果的产出的影响机理。因此,本论文的研究工作和研究结果,搭建了运用社会资本理论所诠释的“关系”来探究博士生科研绩效的理论桥梁。国外学者普遍认为：个体在创新过程中需要在与外部建立各种接触,因此其个人的社会资源在创新中将发挥重要作用(Amabile,1983; Amabile et al.,1996; Woodman et al.,1993)。基于社会资本理论,导师因素是影响博士生科研绩效社会网络中的一个节点,而同学可以看作是其它节点,这些相互连接的节点构成了博士生科研绩效的社会网络。博士生的科研活动具有显著的创新特征,是一种富有创造性的工作,本论文有理由认为博士生的社会资本对其科研绩效有重要的促进作用。本论文拟建立个自身因素、导师因素和社会资本与博士生科研绩效的研究模型,同时引入主观态度和组织氛围作为情境变量,来探究影响我国博士生科研绩效的关键点；采用渐进式研究方法,设计以下三个子研究来逐步开展： 1)研究1利用二手数据对博士生科研绩效的影响因素进行初步探索； 2)研究2是基于研究1取得的成果,采用问卷调研方法来深入探究导师对博士生科研绩效的影响； 3)研究3是基于两个子研究的研究成果,从社会资本的角度,对研究变量进行深度挖掘,分析以同学和导师为重要节点的社会网络对博士生科研绩效的影响；同时进一步检验博士生目标导向和组织氛围等情境变量在社会资本和与博士生科研绩效关系中的调节作用。研究结果表明： 1)相对于其他博士生,本科毕业于“985”院校的博士生倾向于表现出较高的科研绩效水平； 2)导师是提升博士生科研绩效的关键； 3)博士生主观的科研兴趣在导师因素和博士生科研绩效之间的关系中起着重要的调节作用； 4)博士生拥有的社会资本对其科研绩效水平有着显著影响； 5)博士生目标导向和组织氛围作为情境因素在社会资本与科研绩效之间的关系中起着调节作用。研究结果表明提升博士生科研绩效并非是一日之功,需要博士生自身、导师和院校等多主体的协同努力,将质量提升贯穿于博士生培养过程中的各个环节。本文取得的研究成果不仅做出了重要的理论贡献,而且为博士生、教育工作者、培养单位和教育主管部门等提出了一些有价值的建议,具有重要的实践价值。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s , more and more scholars have begun to focus on scientific research output studies in countries , colleges and universities ( Dundar and Lewis , 1998 ) . The focus of the relevant research is mainly in the national , university and other organizations , as well as teachers and other individual scientific research workers . The research on the subject ' s research is not enough . In this paper , some phenomena , mechanism of action , reasons and countermeasures are not enough . Therefore , the thesis focuses on the research object of the country ' s doctoral students , collects relevant data , builds the model of influencing factors of the research achievement of the doctoral students based on the empirical research , and finds out the key factors to improve the performance of the doctoral students . The research achievement of doctoral students refers to the scientific research output created by the doctoral students in the doctoral degree , which is directly reflected as : scientific research paper , participation in research and development projects and patent inventions , which is an important reflection of the scientific research ability of doctoral students . In order to expand and enrich the existing education theory , this paper attempts to establish the relationship between social capital and the management of the research performance of doctoral students . In view of the concept of " relation " in Chinese culture , it is similar to " social network " in western concept ( Gold et al . , 2002 ) . This paper introduces the concept into the research of doctoral education , and further expands the scope of the relationship . Based on the theory of social capital , this paper focuses on the relationship between the doctoral student and the mentor and the output of the output of the research achievements . Foreign scholars generally believe that individuals need to establish contacts with the outside during innovation , so their individual social resources will play an important role in innovation ( Amabile , 1983 ; Amabile et al . , 1996 ; Woodman et al . , 1993 ) . Based on the theory of social capital , the tutor factor is one of the nodes in the social network which affects the research performance of the doctoral students , and the students can be regarded as other nodes . These interconnected nodes form the social network of the research performance of the doctoral students . This thesis intends to establish a research model of its own factors , mentor factors and social capital and research performance of doctoral students , and also introduces subjective attitude and organizational climate as situational variables to explore key points that influence the performance of doctoral students in China . 1 ) Study on the influence factors of 2 - hand data on the performance of doctoral students ' scientific research ; 2 ) Study 2 is based on the results obtained in the research 1 , and uses questionnaire investigation method to explore the influence of the tutor on the performance of doctoral students ' scientific research ; 3 ) Study 3 is based on the research results of two sub - studies , from the angle of social capital , the research variables are deeply excavated , and the influence of social network on the performance of doctoral students ' scientific research is analyzed by the social network of students and teachers as important nodes ; meanwhile , the adjusting effect of the situation variables such as the goal orientation and organizational climate of the doctoral students in social capital and the relationship between social capital and doctoral students ' scientific research achievement is further examined . The results show that : 1 ) Compared with other doctoral students , the students of " 985 " graduated from " 985 " universities tended to show higher levels of scientific research achievement ; 2 ) Tutor is the key to improve the scientific performance of doctoral students ; 3 ) Doctoral student ' s subjective research interest plays an important role in the relationship between mentor factor and doctoral student ' s scientific performance ; 4 ) The social capital possessed by the doctoral student has a significant influence on the level of scientific research achievement ; 5 ) The goal orientation and organizational climate as situational factors play an adjusting role in the relationship between social capital and scientific research achievement . The research results show that promoting the achievement of doctoral student ' s scientific research is not a work of one day , which requires the concerted efforts of many subjects , such as doctoral students themselves , teachers and institutions , to improve the quality of doctoral students through various links in the process of cultivating doctoral students . The research results obtained in this paper not only make important theoretical contributions , but also offer some valuable suggestions for students , educators , training units and educational authorities , and have important practical value .

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G643

【引证文献】