美国博士后制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 08:29

本文选题：美国 + 博士后教育　；参考：《汕头大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：博士后制度诞生于美国研究型大学，它的产生是一个自下而上的过程。从发展的时间来看，美国博士后制度历史悠久，距今已有120多年；从实施的效果看，美国博士后制度的实施为美国科技事业做出了巨大的贡献。通过一个多世纪的发展，美国博士后制度日趋成熟，无论是它的实施形式、博士后研究经费的资助，还是它的管理体制等方面，都展现出独有的特征，有很多值得我国借鉴的地方。本研究的目的在于通过对美国博士后制度的研究，从而对它有更加全面的认识、理解和把握，为深入研究美国博士后制度提供理论依据，也为促进我国博士后制度更好地发展提供参考。本研究主要采用历史法、文献法和比较法等方法，试图从宏观的角度，展现美国博士后制度的整体面貌，分析美国博士后制度的基本特征以及制约其发展的现实因素；在此基础上，对中美两国博士后制度进行比较，总结美国博士后制度给我们的启示。论文共分五章。第一章是绪论，主旨在于探讨本研究的意义和目的等；第二章介绍美国博士后制度发展的历程并分析其兴起和发展的主要原因；第三章对美国博士后制度的主要内容进行介绍和分析，其中重点分析博士后的经费资助、博士后教育的实施形式、博士后教育的管理；第四章分析美国博士后制度的特征以及制约其进一步发展的因素；最后一章比较中美两国博士后制度，总结和阐述美国博士后制度对我国博士后制度发展的启示。研究结果表明：美国博士后制度在发展过程中积累了丰富的经验，，具有自己的特色；它在实施形式、经费筹措、管理等许多方面形成了一套相对有效的做法；但由于美国博士后制度所具有的非政府行为的基调和自主性，它在进一步发展中受到很多因素的制约，面临很多的挑战。对此，我们都应有所借鉴。
[Abstract]:The postdoctoral system was born in American research universities, and its emergence is a bottom-up process. From the point of view of the time of development, the post-doctoral system in the United States has a long history, which has been over 120 years, and the implementation of the post-doctoral system in the United States has made a great contribution to the scientific and technological cause of the United States from the point of view of the effect of its implementation. With the development of more than a century, the post-doctoral system in the United States has become more and more mature. Whether it is the form of its implementation, the funding of post-doctoral research funds, or its management system, it shows its unique characteristics. There are many worthy of our country to learn from the place. The purpose of this study is to have a more comprehensive understanding, understanding and grasp of the postdoctoral system in the United States through the study of it, and to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of the post-doctoral system in the United States. It also provides a reference for promoting the development of postdoctoral system in China. This research mainly uses the historical method, the literature method and the comparative method, attempts from the macroscopic angle, displays the American postdoctoral system overall appearance, analyzes the American postdoctoral system basic characteristic and restricts its development realistic factor; On this basis, this paper compares the postdoctoral system between China and the United States, and summarizes the inspiration from the American postdoctoral system. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, the main purpose of this study is to explore the significance and purpose of the study, the second chapter introduces the development of the postdoctoral system in the United States and analyzes the main reasons for its rise and development. The third chapter introduces and analyzes the main contents of the postdoctoral system in the United States, which focuses on the analysis of post-doctoral funding, the implementation of post-doctoral education, the management of post-doctoral education; Chapter four analyzes the characteristics of American postdoctoral system and the factors restricting its further development. The last chapter compares the postdoctoral system between China and the United States, and summarizes and expounds the enlightenment of American postdoctoral system to the development of China's postdoctoral system. The results show that the postdoctoral system in the United States has accumulated rich experience and has its own characteristics in the process of development, and it has formed a set of relatively effective practices in many aspects, such as the form of implementation, financing, management and so on. However, because of the tone and autonomy of the American postdoctoral system, it is restricted by many factors and challenges in its further development. We should all draw lessons from this.
【学位授予单位】：汕头大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：G643

【引证文献】