吉林省高等职业院校学生就业形势的分析研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 09:11

【摘要】：目前，中国正处在走新型工业化道路、推进产业结构优化升级、转变经济增长方式以及建设创新型国家的关键时期，，需要一大批能够解决生产技术难题的高技能人才，这对人力资源结构和素质提出了更高的要求。高等职业教育作为中国高等教育体系的重要构成要素，承担着选拔、培养、输送具有一定的知识储备，能力储备，人文素养储备，能够直接面向社会生产一线工作需要的高级技术人才的重要职责。从1980年开始，中国的高等职业院校如雨后春笋般在东南沿海以及部分经济发展情况较好的地区诞生，中国职业学校在早期的起步以及发展过程当中，通过不断的尝试和摸索并在一定程度上借鉴西方国家的职业教育经验，逐渐找到了一条符合中国国情的，有利于大规模培养优秀职业技术人才的发展道路。至此，中国高等职业教育已经走过了30多年的发展历程。国家对高等职业院校发展情况给予了高度重视，从1999年到2002年教育部先后出台了有关高等职业教育的三十多个文件，为适应全面建设小康社会对高素质劳动者和技能型人才的迫切需求，从提高高等职业院校的管理水平、师资力量、培养模式等一系列基础性工作入手，从而保证高等职业院校学生的正确就业导向，为学生提供发挥个人价值与社会价值机会，进一步维护社会和谐。发展现代职业教育，不仅是吉林省落实中央方针政策的必然要求，同时也关系进一步促进农业现代化、加快原有传统工业改造和结构优化升级、发展高新技术产业、大力发展现代服务业等一系列战略任务的顺利完成。近几年，吉林省高等职业教育发展迅速。目前，全省现有高职院校22所，全日制在校生已经超过10万人。高职教育已成为吉林省高等教育的重要组成部分，在推进吉林省高等教育大众化进程、加快吉林省高技能人才培养速度，促进吉林省经济社会发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。高等职业院校通过建立完整的人才培养输送体系，为用人单位提供优质人力资源服务，从而实现自己的社会功能属性。而企业的发展离不开优势人才的助推作用，企业通过招聘和选择人才到企业内部中来，通过有效的培训和管理促进人才实现自身利益最大化。一个培养人才，一个要用人才，双方构成了应聘与招聘的共生关系。但是，高等职业院校学生就业过程中还存在一些问题，例如用人单位就业门槛高、毕业生工作待遇低，专业设置有待优化、师资队伍有待提高，学生就业观念及自我认知存在偏差等。本文拟通过对吉林省高职院校大学生的就业背景及其就业形势的分析，探寻高职毕业生就业工作的改革思路，通过建立有效的就业工作运行机制，科学设置学科专业、强化“双师型”教师队伍，改进就业指导工作、增强对高等职业学生的个性化指导，广泛争取社会各方面支持等途径，从而提高吉林省高职院校毕业生就业的质量，以促进吉林省高职院校毕业生就业工作的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:At present, China is on the road of new industrialization, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, transforming the mode of economic growth and building an innovative country. It needs a large number of highly skilled personnel who can solve the difficult problems of production technology, which puts forward higher requirements for the structure and quality of human resources. The important elements of the higher education system are responsible for selecting, training and transferring high-level technical personnel with a certain knowledge reserve, capacity reserve and humanistic quality reserve, which can directly meet the needs of the front-line work of social production.
Since 1980, China's higher vocational colleges have sprung up along the southeast coast and some areas with better economic development. In the early stages of their development, China's vocational schools have gradually found one through constant trial and exploration and to a certain extent learning from the vocational education experience of Western countries. China's higher vocational education has gone through more than 30 years of development.
The State attaches great importance to the development of Higher Vocational Colleges and universities. From 1999 to 2002, the Ministry of Education issued more than 30 documents on Higher Vocational education. In order to meet the urgent needs of building a well-off society in an all-round way for high-quality workers and skilled personnel, the management level of Higher Vocational Colleges and universities, the strength of teachers and the cultivation of them are to be improved. Starting with a series of basic work, such as cultivation mode, to ensure the correct employment orientation of Vocational College students, to provide students with opportunities to play their personal and social values, and to further maintain social harmony.
The development of modern vocational education is not only an inevitable requirement for Jilin Province to implement the central policy, but also related to the smooth completion of a series of strategic tasks, such as further promoting agricultural modernization, speeding up the transformation of traditional industries and structural optimization and upgrading, developing high-tech industries and vigorously developing modern service industries. Vocational education develops rapidly. At present, there are 22 Vocational Colleges in Jilin Province, with more than 100,000 full-time students. Higher vocational education has become an important part of higher education in Jilin Province. It is playing an important role in promoting the popularization of higher education in Jilin Province, speeding up the cultivation of high-skilled personnel in Jilin Province, and promoting the economic and social development of Jilin Province. More and more important role.
Vocational colleges and universities can realize their own social function attribute by establishing a complete personnel training and transportation system to provide high-quality human resources services for employers. However, the development of enterprises can not be separated from the role of advantageous talents. Enterprises recruit and select talents to the enterprise interior, through effective training and management to promote people. Only then realizes own benefit maximization. One trains the talented person, one must use the talented person, both sides constituted the application and the recruitment symbiosis relations.
However, there are still some problems in the employment process of students in Higher Vocational colleges, such as the high employment threshold of employers, the low salary of graduates, the optimization of specialty settings, the improvement of teachers, the deviation of students'employment concept and self-awareness.
Through the analysis of the employment background and the employment situation of the college students in Jilin Province, this paper explores the reform ideas of the employment work of the higher vocational college graduates, through the establishment of an effective employment operation mechanism, the scientific establishment of disciplines and specialties, the strengthening of the "double-qualified" teachers, the improvement of employment guidance, and the enhancement of the higher vocational students. Individualized guidance and extensive social support can improve the quality of employment of graduates from higher vocational colleges in Jilin Province, so as to promote the sustainable development of employment of graduates from higher vocational colleges in Jilin Province.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G717.38

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