自主创新与高技术产业生产率增长的关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:00

本文选题：自主创新　切入点：高技术产业生产率增长　出处：《浙江财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自主创新与生产率增长是创新与经济增长研究的热点论题之一，我国学者在这方面的研究大都集中在工业或者制造业企业等领域，鲜有文章以高技术产业为研究对象。高技术产业作为我国的前导产业、经济增长的重要源泉，其发展对提高整个国家的综合实力、推动我国经济发展具有重要的作用，而高技术产业健康可持续发展的前提条件是其生产率的增长。自主创新是高技术产业生产率增长的核心动力，因此研究自主创新与高技术产业生产率增长之间的关系很有理论和现实意义，这不仅可以扩展和丰富自主创新与生产率关系的研究范围，而且还可以充分发现自主创新对高技术产业生产率增长的不同影响。在生产率分析上，本文先从生产率的含义与内涵展开分析，着重介绍了全要素生产率的计算方法。在此基础上，本文选取高技术产业的总产值作为产出变量，选取高技术产业的从业人员年平均数和固定资本存量作为投入变量。紧接着，本文利用数据包络分析方法的非参数Malmquist指数法，测算了我国1999-2012年高技术产业的全要素生产率及其分解的技术效率和技术进步指标。计算结果表明我国高技术产业全要素生产率呈现出较快的增长态势，其年平均增长率为10.3%。同时，东部地区高技术产业全要素生产率的平均增长速度普遍低于中西部的平均增长速度。在机理分析上，本文提出厂商进行自主创新的内在机制以及自主创新促进高技术产业生产率增长的作用机理。通过研究发现，厂商的产量与其自己的自主创新呈正相关关系，与其他厂商的自主创新呈负相关关系；源于自主创新的产量效应主要表现为企业通过开展自主创新活动，促进产业资本-劳动比率的提高，从而使人均产出以较快的速度增长，进而可以获得更多的产量，这说明在单位时间内企业可以生产更多的产品即高技术产业生产率的提高。在实证分析上，为了验证第三章机理研究的准确性，本文选取我国2002-2012年与高技术产业生产率密切相关的经济数据，使用Stata12.0采用固定效应模型、系统广义矩估计和差分广义矩估计来实证分析自主创新与高技术产业生产率增长之间的关系。本文以高技术产业的全要素生产率变动及其分解的技术效率变动和技术进步变动指标作为被解释变量，，以每万人拥有的专利申请授权数作为解释变量。此外，为了更全面、更系统的考虑我国自主创新的外部环境，本文选取固定资产投资增长速度、政府介入经济程度和开放程度等指标作为控制变量。研究结果表明自主创新对高技术产业生产率增长具有积极的促进作用（技术进步除外），但对中部地区的促进作用最大，西部次之，东部最小，一个可能的原因是东部地区处于规模报酬递减阶段，而中西部地区处于规模报酬递增阶段。同时，高技术产业生产率增长也受到内在的动力机制影响，本文证明了高技术产业生产率增长具有内在机制，但是只验证了1期的动态影响。最后，根据实证检验的结果，本文从政府应该继续加大简政放权力度、增加对外开放程度以及提高高技术产业的经济产出能力等三个方面提出相应的政策建议，期望可以改善我国高技术企业进行自主创新的环境，从而进一步促进高技术产业生产率的增长。
[Abstract]:Independent innovation and productivity growth is one of the hot topics in innovation and economic growth, our country in this research scholars are concentrated in the industrial or manufacturing enterprises and other fields, there are few articles with high technology industry as the research object. The high technology industry as the leading industry of our country, an important source of economic growth, the development of to improve the comprehensive strength of the whole country, which plays an important role in promoting China's economic development, and the premise of high technology industry healthy and sustainable development is its productivity growth. Independent innovation is the core driving force of productivity growth of high-tech industry, so the research on the relationship between independent innovation and productivity growth of high-tech industries is of theoretical and practical significance and this can not only expand and enrich the independent innovation and productivity research scope, but also can be found on the independent innovation of high tech industry The different effects of productivity growth.
In the analysis of productivity, this paper first analyzes the meaning and connotation from the productivity, emphatically introduces the calculation method of total factor productivity. On this basis, the total output value of the high technology industry as output variables, selection of high tech industry practitioners and average number of fixed capital stock as input variables. Then, non the parameters of Malmquist index method based on data envelopment analysis method, calculates the TFP of China's 1999-2012 years of high technology industry and its decomposition of technical efficiency and technical progress index. The calculation results show that the total factor productivity of China's high technology industry has shown a trend of rapid growth, the average annual growth rate of 10.3%. at the same time, average growth the speed of the average growth rate of total factor productivity of high-tech industries in the eastern region is generally lower than the Midwest.
In the mechanism analysis, the internal mechanism proposed in this paper manufacturers of independent innovation and independent innovation mechanism of promoting productivity of high-tech industry growth. The study found that independent innovation is positively related to the production of its own manufacturers, and other manufacturers of independent innovation is negatively correlated; yield effect from independent innovation mainly for enterprises to carry out independent innovation, promote industrial capital labor ratio increased, so that the per capita output growth at a faster pace, and can obtain more output, this shows that in a period of time the enterprise can produce more products that improve productivity of high-tech industries.
In the empirical analysis, in order to verify the accuracy of the mechanism of the third chapter, this paper selects China's economic data in 2002-2012 years and the productivity of high-tech industry is closely related to the use of Stata12.0, using a fixed effects model, System GMM Estimation and differential GMM empirical analysis to the relationship between independent innovation and high-tech industry productivity growth. Based on the total factor productivity of high-tech industry changes and decomposition of technical efficiency change and technological progress change indicators as explanatory variables, as explanatory variables to apply for authorization number per million people have patents. In addition, in order to more comprehensive, more systematic consideration of China's independent innovation environment, the growth of investment in fixed assets the speed and degree of government involvement in the economy and the degree of opening index as control variables. The results show that the independent innovation of high tech industry production rate Has a positive role in promoting growth (technical progress, but except) for the central region to promote the role of the largest, followed by the western and Eastern minimum, one possible reason is that eastern region is in the stage of decreasing returns to scale, while the central and western regions in the stage of increasing returns to scale. At the same time, the productivity of high tech industry growth is also affected by the dynamic mechanism inside, this paper proves the intrinsic mechanism of high-tech industry productivity growth, but only to verify the dynamic effects of 1 period.
Finally, according to the empirical results, this article from the government should continue to increase decentralization efforts to increase openness and increase economic output capacity of high-tech industry and put forward the corresponding policy recommendations in three aspects, is expected to carry out independent innovation to improve China's high technology enterprise environment, so as to further promote the productivity of high-tech industry growth.

【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F276.44

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