碳关税对中国高碳制造业国际竞争力影响分析

发布时间：2018-08-08 20:03

【摘要】：近年来,随着经济的发展,环境也开始不断恶化,一些发达国家表面上打着环保经济和低碳经济的幌子实则为了施行自己的贸易壁垒,打算对进口的碳排放密集型产品征收特别的二氧化碳排放关税,即碳关税,因为他们认为二氧化碳导致了环境恶化。而处于工业化阶段的中国,拥有世界工厂之称,是制造业出口大国,碳关税的开征将必然对中国出口产业造成严重冲击,特别是起步较晚、科技水平不高、高能耗、高污染的高碳制造产业,因此,中国应当未雨绸缪,做好应对碳关税的准备,以求最大程度降低损失。本文首先进行了高碳制造业的定义以及对高碳制造业的确定,然后理论分析了碳关税可能会给中国高碳制造业国际竞争力带来的影响,认为碳关税在短期内对高碳制造业国际竞争力是负影响,但经过一段时间的长期可能就会逆转这种关系,即碳关税跟高碳制造业国际竞争力可能是U形关系。随后将碳关税分别定为30美元每吨和60美元每吨,进行了实证分析,得出结论,也验证了理论分析,两者的U形关系成立,碳关税短期内会削弱中国高碳制造业的国际竞争力,不同的高碳制造业因为碳排放量以及出口量的不同,受影响程度会不同;但在长期,由于碳关税的倒逼机制以及各企业的自身努力,其又会为中国高碳制造业的国际竞争力带来正向的影响。只是目前中国还处在U形的左端,碳关税和高碳制造业国际竞争力还呈现负相关关系。从碳关税税率的比较来看,随着税率的提高,对高碳制造业国际竞争力的影响并没有像税率那样成比例增加,反而会更容易进入U形右端的正影响阶段,说明碳关税对中国高碳制造业国际竞争力的影响出现了类似“边际报酬递减”的现象。最后根据前文的分析结果,本文提出了应对碳关税的相关政策措施和建议。分别从国际、国家以及企业三个层面提出政策建议。比如国际层面应该加强沟通,寻求帮助;开展外交争取资金和技术等;国家层面完善相关法规政策,发展低碳经济,以及比较重要的是国内开始征收碳税。企业层面在市场经济下,也许是降低碳排放、应对碳关税的主体,应该把研发投入和技术进步做到实处。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the economy, the environment has also begun to deteriorate. On the surface, some developed countries are trying to implement their own trade barriers under the guise of an environmentally friendly economy and a low-carbon economy. They intend to impose special duties on imported carbon-intensive products, known as carbon tariffs, because they believe carbon dioxide causes environmental degradation. China, which is in the stage of industrialization, is known as a world factory, and it is a manufacturing export country. The imposition of carbon tariffs will inevitably have a serious impact on China's export industry, especially in the light of its late start, low level of science and technology, and high energy consumption. China should be prepared to deal with carbon tariffs in order to minimize losses, as a result of its highly polluting, high-carbon manufacturing industry. In this paper, the definition of high-carbon manufacturing industry and the definition of high-carbon manufacturing industry are given, and then the impact of carbon tariff on the international competitiveness of China's high-carbon manufacturing industry is analyzed theoretically. It is considered that carbon tariff has a negative impact on the international competitiveness of high-carbon manufacturing industry in the short term, but this relationship may be reversed over a long period of time, that is, carbon tariff and international competitiveness of high-carbon manufacturing industry may be U-shaped. Subsequently, the carbon tariff was set at US $30 per ton and US $60 per ton, respectively. The empirical analysis shows that the U-shaped relationship between the two is established, and the carbon tariff will weaken the international competitiveness of China's high-carbon manufacturing industry in the short term. Different high-carbon manufacturing industries are affected by different carbon emissions and exports, but in the long run, because of the mechanism of carbon tariffs and the efforts of enterprises, It will also bring positive impact to the international competitiveness of China's high-carbon manufacturing industry. However, at present, China is still in the left end of U shape, and carbon tariff and international competitiveness of high carbon manufacturing industry are also negatively related. From the perspective of the comparison of carbon tariff rates, with the increase of tax rates, the impact on the international competitiveness of high-carbon manufacturing industries does not increase in proportion to the tax rate. Instead, it is easier to enter the positive impact stage of the U-shaped right end. It shows that the effect of carbon tariff on the international competitiveness of China's high carbon manufacturing industry is similar to the phenomenon of diminishing marginal returns. Finally, according to the above analysis results, this paper puts forward the relevant policy measures and suggestions to deal with carbon tariff. From the international, national and corporate three levels of policy recommendations. For example, the international level should strengthen communication and seek help; conduct diplomacy to fight for funds and technology; improve relevant laws and regulations at the national level; develop a low-carbon economy; and, more importantly, introduce a carbon tax at home. In the market economy, the enterprise level may be the main body to reduce carbon emissions and deal with carbon tariffs, and should put R & D investment and technological progress into practice.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F424;F752.50

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