考虑失效风险的救灾物资储备库选址问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 20:04

本文关键词： 设施失效救灾物资储备库选址运达时间限制遗传算法　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：事前储备救灾物资是一个国家和地区应对自然灾害能力的保障,合理的储备库选址不仅能够提高灾难应对能力,而且能够降低救灾成本。在现实生活中,由于自然灾害、恶劣的天气等各种各样的原因均能破坏救灾物资储备库从而使其丧失原有的功能。同时,由于救灾的急迫性及时效性,其一旦失效将带来严重的生命和财产损失。然而,在现有的救灾物资储备库选址研究当中,鲜有考虑其失效的情况。为了应对救灾物资储备库的失效,提高救灾物资储备网络的可靠性,本文采用物资备份的策略,即在救灾物资储备网络规划阶段,为潜在的救灾物资需求点安排额外的救灾物资来源点。针对这种策略,建立了以选址成本、期望运输成本之和最小为目标,同时对储备库的位置、容量和需求点与救灾物资储备库的分配关系进行决策的储备库选址模型。该模型为典型的NP困难问题,考虑到其复杂性,设计了针对模型特征的遗传算法。为了验证模型的有效性和算法的可行性,设计了6组规模不同的算例。算例求解结果表明：遗传算法的求解误差在可接受范围内,而且求解时间和求解规模明显优于最优化方法；与不考虑失效模型求解结果相比,总成本会有一定的增加,但增加量和增加幅度随着网络规模的扩大而缩减。最后,将本文所建立模型应用于昆明市算例,得到了考虑失效情况下的救灾物资储备库选址位置、规模和服务范围；算例参数分析表明,系统中存在一个临界时间约束值,当超过这个时间限制以后,储备库选址和物资分配方案不再发生改变,而这个临界值可以作为最佳救灾物资运抵灾区限制时间。
[Abstract]:The reserve of relief materials in advance is the guarantee of a country or region's ability to cope with natural disasters. A reasonable storage location can not only improve the disaster response ability, but also reduce the disaster relief costs. In real life, due to natural disasters, Bad weather and other various reasons can destroy the reserve of disaster relief materials and make it lose its original function. At the same time, due to the urgency and timeliness of disaster relief, if it fails, it will bring serious loss of life and property. In the existing research on the storage site of disaster relief materials, the failure situation is rarely considered. In order to deal with the failure of the reservoir and improve the reliability of the disaster relief material reserve network, the strategy of material backup is adopted in this paper. That is, in the planning phase of the disaster relief material reserve network, additional sources of disaster relief materials are arranged for potential disaster relief material demand points. In view of this strategy, the goal is to select the location cost and expect the sum of transportation costs to be the minimum. At the same time, the location model is used to make decisions on the location, capacity, demand point and distribution relationship between the storage and the storage of disaster relief materials. The model is a typical NP-hard problem, considering its complexity. In order to verify the validity of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm, six groups of examples with different scales are designed. The results show that the error of the genetic algorithm is within the acceptable range. Moreover, the solution time and solution scale are obviously superior to the optimization method. Compared with the failure model, the total cost will increase, but the increase and increase will be reduced with the expansion of the network size. The model is applied to Kunming City, and the location, scale and service range of disaster relief storage are obtained, and the parameter analysis of the example shows that there is a critical time constraint value in the system. When the time limit is exceeded, the storage location and material distribution plan will not change, and this critical value can be regarded as the best time limit for the relief goods to reach the disaster area.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F251;TP18

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