刘易斯转折对我国农村教育需求的影响

发布时间：2018-07-04 17:15

本文选题：刘易斯转折 + 教育需求　；参考：《山东社会科学》2016年03期

【摘要】：中国自2004年步入刘易斯转折以来,普通劳动力短缺和工资上涨已成为劳动力市场的常态。刘易斯转折后,以农民工为代表的普通劳动力工资的迅速上涨,在提高家庭收入水平、改善收入分配现状的同时,也产生了一个矛盾性的后果——农村青少年教育需求下降、辍学现象增加。根据双差分实证分析,转折后农村15-35岁青年转移劳动力平均教育年限较转折前相对下降了0.4年,主要表现在各学历层次中小学、初中概率相对增加,高中和大学概率相对减少,而15岁以上农村转移劳动力的人力资本水平已经出现了绝对的下降。针对工资上涨与教育需求下降之间的矛盾,建议借助义务教育手段,降低以致免除接受高中教育的私人支出,将义务教育延伸到高中阶段,同时保持高等教育规模扩大的速度,并对在职农民工提供适合市场需求的职业培训,改善劳动者的人力资本存量。
[Abstract]:Since China entered the Lewis transition in 2004, general labor shortages and rising wages have become the norm in the labour market. After Lewis turned, the wages of ordinary labor, represented by migrant workers, rose rapidly, which not only raised the level of family income and the present situation of income distribution, but also had a contradictory consequence: the demand for education of rural teenagers declined. Drop out of school has increased. According to the double-difference empirical analysis, the average education years of the rural young people aged 15-35 years after the transition were 0.4 years lower than before, mainly in the primary and secondary schools with different academic qualifications, the probability of junior middle school increased, and the probability of high school and university decreased relatively. The level of human capital of rural labor transfer over 15 years old has been absolutely reduced. In view of the contradiction between the rising wages and the declining demand for education, it is suggested that the private expenditure on high school education should be reduced by means of compulsory education, and compulsory education should be extended to the senior high school stage, while maintaining the speed of the expansion of the scale of higher education. It also provides vocational training suitable for market demand to improve the human capital stock of migrant workers.
【作者单位】：山东大学经济学院;山东女子学院会计学院;
【基金】：山东省社会科学规划项目“转型期我国部门工资差距变动趋势研究”(项目编号:15CJJJ33)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G521;F249.2

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