我国农村地区普惠金融体系构建问题研究

发布时间：2019-04-12 19:25

【摘要】：农村金融对农村经济的发展具有重要作用,它在资本配置中处于核心地位,也是“三农问题”的聚焦点。自从改革开放至今,国内的农业社会经济局势产生了彻底性的改变,与此同时农村金融也在曲折中不断前行。尽管时代在变化,经济发展的热点也在不断更新,然而我国的经济发展还是以农业、农民以及农村的问题为基本方向。众所周知我国是农业大国,在农村金融体系一直是经济发展的薄弱环节,一方面农民的金融意识较为薄弱,另一方面金融机构由于追求利润最大化而缺乏开展农村金融的动力,再加上农村金融政策贯彻不到位,这些都导致了农村金融发展进程缓慢和不均衡,相当一部分农村低收入群体不能享受到正规的农村金融服务。对农村金融体系进行改革和创新,建设科学的均衡发展的农村金融体系,是我国政府和学术界都十分关注的热点。“普惠金融”一词第一次出现是联合国在2005小额信贷年提出的,其根本原则是以遵循平等与发展为主,建议创造存在农村低收入群体的农村普惠金融系统,并保证其可持续发展,从而保证此部分人可以享有经济社会发展带来的红利。2016年中央一号文件也再次提出要推动金融资源更多的惠及农村,并建立广泛的、可持续的农村普惠金融体系。因此,建设农村金融体系并且对农村金融服务进行改善是在最新发展的潮流下对农村普惠金融进行促进的前提。本文首先对国内外研究者关于普惠金融体系的理论和实践成果进行了总结,接下来从需求、供给、金融发展环境和政府作用四方面对我国农村普惠金融体系的现状进行描述分析,在此基础上,针对国内的农村普惠金融系统可能存在的问题在法律规则、金融体系以及金融服务等方面造成的影响进行了深入剖析,最后从需求、供给、政策法律和可持续发展等角度对农村普惠金融体系的创建给出一些意义。
[Abstract]:Rural finance plays an important role in the development of rural economy. It plays a central role in the allocation of capital, and is also the focal point of the "three rural issues". Since the reform and opening up to the present, the agricultural socio-economic situation in China has undergone radical changes. At the same time, rural finance has also continued to move forward in twists and turns. Although the times are changing and the hot spots of economic development are constantly updating, the economic development of our country is still based on the problems of agriculture, farmers and rural areas. As we all know, China is a big agricultural country and has always been a weak link in economic development in the rural financial system. On the one hand, farmers' financial consciousness is relatively weak, on the other hand, financial institutions lack the impetus to carry out rural finance because of their pursuit of maximum profits. In addition, the implementation of rural financial policies is not in place, which leads to the slow and uneven development of rural finance, and a considerable number of rural low-income groups can not enjoy formal rural financial services. The reform and innovation of the rural financial system and the construction of a scientific and balanced development of the rural financial system are the hot spots that both the government and the academic circles pay close attention to. The first time the term "inclusive finance" emerged was proposed by the United Nations in the year of Microcredit in 2005, the fundamental principle of which is to follow the principles of equality and development and to recommend the creation of a rural inclusive financial system with low-income groups in rural areas, And guarantee its sustainable development, thereby ensuring that this segment of the population can enjoy the dividends of economic and social development. The 2016 Central Committee document I also reiterated the need to promote greater access to financial resources in rural areas and to establish a broad range of financial resources, Sustainable rural inclusive financial system. Therefore, the construction of rural financial system and improvement of rural financial services is the premise of promoting rural inclusive finance under the latest development trend. This paper first summarizes the theoretical and practical achievements of domestic and foreign researchers on inclusive financial system, and then from the demand, supply, Based on the description and analysis of the present situation of the rural inclusive financial system in China from four aspects of the financial development environment and the role of the government, in view of the possible problems in the domestic rural inclusive financial system, the legal rules are put forward. The impact of financial system and financial services is analyzed in depth. Finally, some significance is given to the establishment of rural inclusive financial system from the perspectives of demand, supply, policy and law, and sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832.35

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