义乌“四层半”景观格局的空间生产解析

发布时间：2018-01-18 01:01

本文关键词：义乌“四层半”景观格局的空间生产解析　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国快速城镇化、工业化正在对城乡空间景观进行着剧烈重塑,同时渐进转型的背景更加剧了城乡空间景观形成机制的复杂性和外在呈现的特殊性。本文的研究对象——义乌"四层半"正是当下中国一种具有典型性和代表性的空间现象。义乌"四层半"是村民在宅基地上建设的一种产居混合的建筑形式,同时,它的存在有其特殊的时代背景。这类空间不同于80年代前工业化时期的家庭作坊的区位边缘指向,也不同于我国目前尚少量存在的服务于精益、灵活的后工业化生产的工作坊空间个性化和多样性的区位需求。义乌"四层半"代表的建筑形式伴随着90年代以来市场化改革深化、个私经济蓬勃发展出现,是工业化迅速推进进程中的产物,它深刻嵌入城市增长系统,区位选择具有明显的市场导向性。因此,这类空间对现存城乡空间秩序的扰动远非另外两者所能比拟。在详实的问卷调查和深度访谈基础上,本文立足理论高度,以吉登斯的"结构化理论"为研究视角,从自上而下的结构制约和自下而上的能动策略两个角度辩证地揭示了"四层半"的空间生产机制。本文认为,"四层半"的空间生产遵循了"空间权利贫困——空间权力俘获——空间权利实现"的逻辑脉络。在当前中国二元的土地制度背景下,宅基地使用权制度的福利属性实际上将村民置于一个被预先结构化的权利贫困场景中,基于宅基地福利属性的一系列制度设计,包括宅基地使用权主体的特定性、取得方式的无偿性和客体的限定性,使土地的资产价值无法得到显化,农民失去了分享经济发展带来的土地增值收益的机会,因此,制度不正义构成义乌"四层半"空间生产的逻辑起点。但是结构化不代表铁板一块的规训社会,正如福柯所言,"哪里有权力,哪里就有反抗"。义乌村民在巨大的城镇化红利诱惑、激发下,通过"四层半"空间建设完成了宅基地使用权主体的保留、固化和取得方式的有偿化转变,俘获了空间权力;通过"四层半"空间使用完成了宅基地使用权客体的扩充,实现了空间权利,从而将宅基地由福利属性转变为资产属性。在此过程中,义乌"四层半"既作为空间生产的结果,又作为反抗与解放的战术资源,成为索亚笔下具有能动性的"第三空间"。在"四层半"空间生产的作用下,产生了一种新的物质和社会秩序,谓之"空间的再生产"。一方面,"四层半"突破了结构性的制度制约,在推动了城市发展的同时实现了多元利益共享;另一方面,它也在物质和社会两个层面造成了极大的负外部性。本文认为"四层半"的空间再生产负效应的根源在于空间生产过程中对宅基地制度的有限突破造成的又一个结构性矛盾:宅基地使用权主体的保留、固化与客体的多用途转化的矛盾。此外,作为隐性的获益主体的政府的管制职能的搁置进一步强化了空间失控。本文以结构化理论为研究视角,聚焦于义乌"四层半"这一个案进行剖析,关注了现象背后的理论本质。对于我国广大地区存在的"四层半"来讲,它们施展的具体空间策略或许与义乌略有不同,但是本文认为,它们同样遵循"空间权利贫困——空间权力俘获——空间权利实现"的空间生产机制,具有同样的内部高效运转,负外部性凸显的再生产效应,乃至后续的治理都应采用同样的策略。通过以上个案解析和理论归纳,本文主要做出了以下贡献:即划定了"四层半"的空间特征边界,归纳了 "四层半"的空间生产机制,探明了"四层半"空间再生产负效应的根源,揭露了"四层半"的空间本质。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid urbanization in China, industrialization is the urban spatial landscape for a dramatic remodeling, and gradual transformation of the background more drama special formation mechanism of urban and rural landscape space complexity and external presentation. The research object of this article -- Yiwu "four and a half" is the China with a typical and representative the space of Yiwu phenomenon. "Four half" is a kind of production in mixed form of construction, the villagers in the homestead construction at the same time, it has its special background. Edge location family workshops of this kind of space is different from before 80s during the period of industrialization of the point, is also different from our country a small amount of existing services in the lean workshop space after the industrial production of flexible personalized and diverse location needs. Yiwu "four layer half" on behalf of the architectural form with the deepening market-oriented reform since 90s, The booming private economy, is the product of the rapid advance of industrialization process, it is deeply embedded in the city growth system, location choice has obvious market orientation. Therefore, this kind of space to the existing urban and rural spatial order disturbance is far from the other two can be compared. In the questionnaire and interviews on the basis of detailed, based on the the height of theory to Giddens structuration theory as the research perspective, from the perspective of two structural constraints of top-down and bottom-up initiative strategy dialectically reveals the "production of space mechanism four and a half". This paper argues that the "production of space of four and a half" following the "logic of space rights poverty -- space power capture space right realization". In the current two yuan land system under the background of Chinese, actually in the welfare attribute of villagers homestead right system is a pre structured The rights of the poor in the scene, a series of system design of homestead welfare attribute based on specific subjects including land use rights, have limited free and object mode, so that the land value of the assets can not be significant, farmers lost their share to the economic development of the land value-added income opportunities, so that system is not justice form the logical starting point of Yiwu "four layer half space production. But do not represent a structured disciplinary society, as Foucault said," where there is power, there is resistance. "Yiwu villagers excited in the huge bonus of urbanization, the temptation, the construction of the" four layer half space the subject of reserved land use right, compensation for the transition and curing the captured space power; through the "four layer half space using the object of land use right expansion, to realize the space right from The homestead property from welfare into asset attributes. In this process, Yiwu "four and a half" as the production of space and as a result, rebellion and liberation of tactical resources, has become the initiative of Sawyer's "third space". In the "four and a half" production of space under the action of to produce a kind of new material and social order, called "space reproduction". On the one hand, "four and a half" broke the restriction of structural system, to promote the city development at the same time to achieve multiple benefits; on the other hand, it is also in the two aspects of material and society caused a negative externality great. This paper argues that the root of "spatial reproduction negative effect of four and a half" is a breakthrough of the structural contradictions limited homestead system in the process of the production of space: keep the homestead right of use of subject and object, curing multipurpose transformation contradictions. In addition, Use as the main benefit of the government's implicit regulation function to further strengthen the space control. This paper uses structured theory, focusing on the case of Yiwu "four and a half" carries on the analysis, the theory of the nature of the phenomenon behind the attention. For the vast areas of our country "four and a half" in terms of specific they may display space strategy is slightly different from Yiwu, but they also follow the "production of space space space mechanism of the rights of the poor power to capture -- space rights", has the same internal efficiency, reproduction effect negative externalities prominent, and the subsequent treatment should adopt the same strategy. Through the above the case analysis and theory, this paper has made the following contributions: delineation of the spatial characteristics of the boundary layer four half ", summed up the" production of space mechanism four and a half ", proved the The root of the negative effect of "four layers and half" space reproduction reveals the spatial nature of "four layers and a half".

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984

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