城市可持续防灾社区系统建构研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 12:04

本文选题：防灾社区　切入点：可持续性　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：灾难是人类生活的常态,安全是人类社会永恒的主题。无论是2008年的汶川地震、2012年北京暴雨事件,还是2014年云南鲁甸地震都向我们传递了一个清晰的事实:危险就在我们身边,城市需要建构一种新的机制来应对这些危机。目前,国际上针对应对灾害的城市体系,建构了“弹性城市”的研究框架,并对“可持续”的概念进行了新的思考,而作为“弹性城市”重要组成部分“可持续防灾社区”,例如美国可持续防灾社区,日本防灾生活圈等值的我国学习和借鉴。社区作为人们的日常生活场所,灾害发生后常常因为灾情无法传讯,救灾队伍也无法进入社区,而延误救灾黄金时机,这时就凸显了社区在减灾,灾时自救与灾后重建中的重要性。社区防灾系统是城市防灾系统的神经末梢,社区的安全直接关系到居民的生活安全与质量。因此,怎样建设以社区规划和参与为基础的防灾机制,整合多方社区防灾资源,促进社区从防灾减灾的“应急”建设向常态化与可持续化建设,实现社区从“被动防御”向应对灾害的“弹性”转变,进而成为具有可持续防灾能力的社区,已成为当今城市防灾所必需探讨的课题。本论文根据我国国情,结合国外的建设经验,对可持续的防灾社区体系的建构内容与技术途径进行研究。首先,对美、日、英、中国、中国台湾当前防灾社区建设的理论、政策与实践进行梳理,对可持续防灾社区发展的背景、定义、内涵、特点与构成要素进行了介绍,分析了我国目前社区防灾建设存在的现状与问题。其次,在概念与国外建设经验的基础上,建构了可持续防灾社区建设框架的内容,明确可持续防灾社区构建的三级单元:基础社区防灾单元、街道社区防灾单元、综合社区防灾单元。对可持续防灾社区的系统的物质性环境要素、非物质环境要素、资源要素的内容与建设技术途径提出具体的指标与构建方法。最后,本文以武汉市洪山区珞南路博苑社区为例,对社区现有防灾体系中的物质性要素和非物质性要素进行分析,并对其向可持续防灾社区发展提出建议。本论文建构了我国可持续防灾社区建设与推行的基本框架,提出了以综合性和全程性为导向的社区防灾规划办法。将社区防灾的全过程作为基础进行平灾结合的设计,并以政府、社会、社区等多方参与合作的防灾社区机制、具有防灾能力的社区空间单元建构模式等建设具有日常应变能力和持续防灾能力的社区,国内防灾社区规划与建设研究提供有益参考。
[Abstract]:Disaster is the norm of human life, and safety is the eternal theme of human society. Whether it was the Wenchuan earthquake on 2008, the heavy rain in Beijing on 2012, or the Ludian earthquake in Yunnan on 2014, it has given us a clear fact: the danger lies with us. Cities need to build a new mechanism to deal with these crises. At present, the international community has constructed a research framework of "flexible city" for the urban system of disaster response, and has made a new thinking on the concept of "sustainable". As an important part of "flexible city", "sustainable disaster prevention community", such as the sustainable disaster prevention community in the United States, Japan's disaster prevention life circle equivalent learning and reference. Community as people's daily life place, After a disaster occurs, it is often because disaster situations cannot be summoned and disaster relief teams are unable to enter the community, thus delaying the golden opportunity for disaster relief, thus highlighting the fact that the community is in the process of disaster reduction. The community disaster prevention system is the nerve endings of the urban disaster prevention system, and the safety of the community is directly related to the safety and quality of the residents' life. How to build disaster prevention mechanism based on community planning and participation, integrate disaster prevention resources of various communities, and promote the construction of community from "emergency response" to normality and sustainability. The realization of community transformation from "passive defense" to "resilience" to sustainable disaster prevention has become a necessary topic for urban disaster prevention nowadays. This paper is based on the situation of our country. Combining with the construction experience of foreign countries, this paper studies the contents and technical approaches of the sustainable disaster prevention community system. Firstly, it combs the theory, policy and practice of the current disaster prevention community construction in the United States, Japan, Britain, China, and Taiwan. This paper introduces the background, definition, connotation, characteristics and elements of sustainable disaster prevention community development, and analyzes the present situation and problems of community disaster prevention construction in China. The contents of the construction framework of sustainable disaster prevention community are constructed, and the three-level units of sustainable disaster prevention community are defined: the basic community disaster prevention unit, the street community disaster prevention unit, and the community disaster prevention unit. Comprehensive community disaster prevention unit. To sustainable disaster prevention community physical environment elements, non-material environment elements, the content of resource elements and construction technology approach to specific indicators and construction methods. Taking the Luonan Lu Boyuan community in Hongshan District of Wuhan City as an example, this paper analyzes the physical and non-physical elements of the existing disaster prevention system in the community. The paper constructs the basic framework for the construction and implementation of sustainable disaster prevention community in China. A comprehensive and whole-course approach to community disaster prevention planning is put forward. The whole process of community disaster prevention is taken as the basis for the design of a combination of disaster prevention and disaster prevention, and the community mechanism of disaster prevention is designed with the participation of the government, society, community, and so on. Community spatial unit construction model with disaster prevention ability can build communities with daily contingency ability and continuous disaster prevention ability. The research on disaster prevention community planning and construction in China provides a useful reference.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.12

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