反脆性大城市地域结构的目标准则和理论模式

发布时间：2018-04-21 18:00

  本文选题：反脆性 + 城市地域结构　； 参考：《华中科技大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：全球化推动着国内外大城市迅速发展和城市地域结构剧变,使得大城市发展面临不可预知的脆性风险。城市空间作为承载经济和社会发展的载体,其结构调整和发展模式是带来城市脆性风险的关键。然而,既有的大城市地域结构理论及模式存在明显时滞性。因而如何通过规划手段和相应的管控技术,保障城市地域结构在发展中的灵活度和弹性适应性,实现城市地域结构的反脆性发展目标,是我国城市规划转型和可持续发展面临的紧迫问题。 本文基于复杂系统的耗散结构理论,通过城市空间要素、结构和环境三个层面面临的脆性风险威胁,开展城市地域空间总系统及其四个子系统(用地组织、公共中心、交通网络和生态空间)的反脆性目标准则和理论模式的研究。 (1)首先回答“为什么要提出反脆性的城市地域结构?”。通过定性和定量分析,归纳并揭示了国内外15个大城市的城市地域结构面临肌理失序、整体松散的要素脆性风险,单核锁定、重心游离的结构脆性风险和基质滞流、区域隔离的环境脆性风险。在城市地域结构的反脆性诉求下,提出国内外大城市地域结构的要素形态应从松散低效走向紧密集中,功能结构应从单核惯性走向多核多元,环境基质应从僵化封闭走向开放互联。 (2)第二部分主要回答“反脆性大城市地域结构的标准如何衡量?”,即反脆性地域结构目标如何确立,目标准则是什么,如何测度反脆性水平?”通过国内外15个大城市最新版规划的城市发展目标、空间及功能发展目标,结合结构主义方法论框架下的三大脆性风险指向与反脆性诉求,提出紧凑集约、有机多核和弹性开放的三大反脆性目标准则。运用Matlab, SPSS等分析工具建构了反脆性目标框架下要素、结构和环境的三维测评指标体系,进一步深化和量化反脆性城市地域结构的价值取向。基于核心价值取向,采用定性归纳和定量演绎两条方法主线,检讨和验证当下国内外大城市规划的CMR状态,同时对反脆性城市地域结构的测评指标体系进行反馈性的检验与修正。 (3)第三部分主要回答“反脆性大城市地域结构的理论模式和普适性空间范型是什么?”。继承并修正有机疏散、田园城市和光辉城市三大经典理论,建构“社会-经济-生态”系统背景下与CMR目标协同的反脆性大城市地域结构理论模式和空间范型。在主要影响因子的标准范围指引和三大脆性问题的逆向助推下,重构反脆性大城市地域结构的用地组织结构、公共中心结构、交通网络结构和生态开放空间结构等四大核心子系统的优化结构模式。 (4)第四部分主要回答“基于反脆性的目标准则和理论模式,国内外大城市地域结构应该如何进行反脆性重组?”。由于大城市发展演化过程的不可遍历性和历史路径依赖性特征,国内外15个大城市在共性特征和趋势下,并没有僵化和唯一的反脆性(CMR)标准区间,而是具有类型化的CMR空间模式。应用SPSS对影响因子的主成分进行模糊聚类分析后,得出国内外14个大城市可以分为平原型、山地型和复合型三大类的城市地域结构模式。针对类型化的城市地域结构理论模式,寻找三大类型在三个维度的标杆城市、三大类型城市在三个维度的主要短板,从而提出三种类型城市在城市要素、结构和环境层面空间优化的关键策略。最后,基于优化后的标杆城市标准,提出三种类型的反脆性城市地域结构空间组织模式,分别是“强心聚核、轴向平衡”的平原型大城市地域结构,“均衡多核、有机舒展”的山地型大城市地域结构,和“多级多心、环网融合”的复合型大城市地域结构。
[Abstract]:Globalization has promoted the rapid development of large cities at home and abroad and the dramatic change in urban regional structure, which makes the development of big cities facing unpredictable brittle risks. As the carrier of economic and social development, urban space is the key to the risk of urban brittleness. It is an urgent problem that how to ensure the flexibility and flexibility of urban regional structure in the development of urban regional structure, and to achieve the goal of anti fragile development of urban regional structure by planning and corresponding control technology, so it is an urgent problem for the transition and sustainable development of urban planning in China.
Based on the dissipative structure theory of complex systems, this paper studies the anti brittleness target criteria and theoretical models of the urban regional space general system and its four subsystems (land organization, public center, traffic network and ecological space) through the threat of brittle risk facing three levels of urban space elements, structure and environment.
(1) the first answer is "why should we put forward the anti fragile urban regional structure?" through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the urban regional structure of the 15 big cities at home and abroad has been summed up and revealed that the fragility risk of the integral loose elements, the single core lock, the fragility risk of the center of gravity and the matrix stagnation, the isolation environment of the region. Under the demand of the anti brittleness of the urban regional structure, it is proposed that the elements of the regional structure of large cities at home and abroad should move from loose and low efficiency to close concentration, and the functional structure should move from mononuclear inertia to multi core and pluralism, and the environment matrix should go from rigid closure to open interconnection.
(2) the second part mainly answers the "how to measure the standard of the regional structure of the anti brittleness big city", that is, how to establish the anti brittleness regional structure target, what is the target criterion and how to measure the anti brittleness level? "Through the urban development goal of the latest edition of the 15 big cities at home and abroad, the development goal of space and function, combined with the structuralist side." Under the framework of the three fragile risks and the demand of anti brittleness, the three major anti brittleness targets of compact intensive, organic multi core and elastic open are proposed. Using Matlab, SPSS and other analytical tools, the three-dimensional evaluation index system of elements, structure and environment under the framework of anti brittleness is constructed to further deepen and quantify the anti fragile city region. The value orientation of the structure. Based on the core value orientation, two main lines of qualitative induction and quantitative deduction are used to review and verify the CMR state of the big city planning at home and abroad. At the same time, the feedback of the evaluation index system of the anti fragile urban regional structure is tested and amended.
(3) the third part mainly answers "what is the theoretical model of the regional structure of the anti brittleness big city and the universal space model?". Inherit and modify the three classical theories of organic evacuation, pastoral city and brilliant city, and construct the theoretical model of the regional structure of anti brittle big cities under the background of "socio economic ecology" system with the CMR target. Under the standard scope guidance of the main influencing factors and the reverse propelled by three big brittleness problems, the optimization structure model of four core subsystems, such as land organization structure, public center structure, traffic network structure and ecological open space structure, is reconstructed with the reverse propelled by the three big brittleness problems.
(4) the fourth part mainly answers the "anti brittleness based target criteria and theoretical model, how should the regional structure of big cities be reorganized at home and abroad?". Due to the inergodicity and historical path dependence of the development and evolution process of large cities, 15 big cities at home and abroad have not been rigid and only under the common characteristics and trends. One is the CMR standard interval, but a type of CMR spatial pattern. After applying SPSS to the fuzzy cluster analysis of the main components of the influence factors, the 14 big cities abroad and outside the country can be divided into the model of the urban regional structure of the flat, mountain and compound, and the model of the typed urban regional structure theory. In order to find three major types of benchmarking cities in three dimensions and three major types of cities in the main short boards of three dimensions, the key strategies for spatial optimization of three types of cities in urban elements, structure and environment are put forward. Finally, based on the optimized benchmarking city standards, three types of anti fragile urban regional structure spatial organization model are put forward. It is the regional structure of the large city in the plain of the "strong core core and axial balance", the regional structure of the mountain type large city of "balanced multi core, organic stretch", and the complex large city structure of "multilevel multi heart and ring network integration".

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984
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本文编号：1783504