夏热冬冷地区居住建筑人行为对能耗影响的研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 11:41

  本文选题：居住建筑 + 行为模式　； 参考：《浙江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：夏热冬冷地区人口密集、经济发达、地理面积广阔。随着人民生活水平的提高,该地区居民夏季和冬季纷纷采取制冷和采暖措施来改善室内热环境,这也导致了夏热冬冷地区的居住建筑能耗急剧上升。目前北方严寒及寒冷地区住户采用的是“全时间、全空间”的用能方式,因此人行为对能耗的影响不大,而夏热冬冷地区住户一般采用的是“部分时间、部分空间”的用能方式,人行为对建筑能耗有很大影响。但目前的建筑节能规范采用的用能工况沿用的是北方的“全时间、全空间”的用能方式,且建筑节能技术的研究也是基于这种工况下展开的,这导致了该地区采用了节能技术手段后实际的节能效果并不理想。为了建立合理的行为准则应用于建筑节能设计,从而使“工况”与实际工况接近并达到相应的节能目标,本文开展了如下的研究：首先通过大样本的问卷调查收集了528份有效问卷,详细调查了夏热冬冷地区杭州市居民用户的行为方式与居住建筑能耗情况,分析得到杭州市居住建筑用户的用能方式、空调计算期和采暖期以及单位面积能耗与消费情况关系。并分析了影响因素与居住建筑能耗的相关性。其次在调研的基础上,通过功率计、温湿度计对6户家庭进行为期2年的入户实测,获取住户夏季和冬季的空调使用情况、室内的热环境情况以及住户的能耗情况,并验证问卷调研结果的正确性。同时通过实测并结合问卷分析确定空调期为6月18日至9月5日,采暖期为12月12日至次年2月19日,分别长于和短于夏热冬冷地区节能规范规定的空调期和采暖期。并确定了基于时间、空间和舒适度三方面的典型人行为模式,即能耗设备是部分时间、部分空间的运行方式,具体为设备的使用空间为客厅和卧室；使用时间段夏季为21：00-6：00,冬季为21：00-23：00；同时考虑人体舒适度,在夏季和冬季容忍温度分别为31℃和12℃开启设备,并将设备的设定温度定位27℃和16℃。最后以杭州市一典型住户为例,使用建筑能耗模拟软件DeST,首先分析空调及采暖设备运行模式、空调及采暖计算期、容忍温度、设定温度对能耗的影响,获得单个因素对能耗的影响程度。同时在相同的客观环境下,采用本文提出的行为模式,进行了全年能耗模拟,并与规范规定的行为模式下计算结果、规范给定的能耗指标及实测能耗结果进行对比。结果表明,由于人行为模式的不同,使得能耗指标与规范模式下得到的能耗均比实际结果大。
[Abstract]:Hot summer and cold winter areas are densely populated, economically developed and have a vast geographical area. With the improvement of people's living standard, the residents in this area have adopted refrigeration and heating measures to improve the indoor thermal environment in summer and winter, which has led to a sharp rise in energy consumption of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas. At present, residents in cold and cold areas in the north use energy in "all time, all space", so human behavior has little effect on energy consumption, while households in hot summer and cold winter generally use "partial time". Part of the space "energy use, human behavior has a great impact on building energy consumption." However, the energy use mode adopted in the current building energy conservation code is the "all-time, all-space" energy use mode in the north, and the research on building energy-saving technology is also based on this working condition. This led to the adoption of energy-saving technology in the region after the actual energy-saving effect is not ideal. In order to establish a reasonable code of conduct to be applied to the design of building energy conservation, so that the "working condition" is close to the actual working condition and the corresponding energy saving goal is achieved, This paper has carried out the following research: firstly, 528 valid questionnaires were collected through a large sample questionnaire, and the behavior patterns and energy consumption of residential buildings were investigated in detail in the hot summer and cold winter areas of Hangzhou. The relationship between energy consumption and energy consumption per unit area is obtained by analyzing the energy use mode of residential buildings in Hangzhou, the calculation period and heating period of air conditioning and the energy consumption per unit area. And analyzed the influence factor and the residence building energy consumption correlation. Secondly, on the basis of investigation, 6 families were tested by power meter and temperature and humidity meter for 2 years to obtain the air conditioning usage in summer and winter, indoor thermal environment and energy consumption. And verify the correctness of the questionnaire survey results. The air conditioning period is from June 18 to September 5 and the heating period is from December 12 to February 19, which is longer than and shorter than the air conditioning period and heating period stipulated by the energy saving code in hot summer and cold winter area. And the typical human behavior mode based on time, space and comfort is determined, that is, energy consumption equipment is part of time, part of space operation mode, specifically the use of the equipment space for living room and bedroom; The operating time period is 21: 00-6: 00 in summer and 21: 00-23: 00 in winter. At the same time, considering the comfort of human body, the tolerance temperature in summer and winter is 31 鈩，

本文编号：2081999