环保地板用秸秆基木质复合材制备及性能研究
发布时间：2018-10-13 12:35
【摘要】：我国农作物秸秆资源非常丰富,但利用率较低大部分秸秆被直接弃置或焚烧,不仅造成资源的浪费而且其烟雾灰尘严重污染了大气环境。因此,对秸秆资源的合理开发利用具有重大现实意义。本文以稻草秸秆为研究对象,利用自主研发的无机胶黏剂作为粘结剂,采用冷压成型工艺制备了秸秆板基材,较系统研究了刨花形态、胶草比、密度及板材结构对秸秆板物理力学性能的影响规律；并在此基础上对秸秆板贴面以开发两种结构地板,通过单因素和正交试验系统研究了改性无机胶黏剂的涂胶量、热压温度、热压时间和热压压力对复合材物理力学性能的影响规律,获得优化的环保地板用秸秆基木质复合材工艺；最后,采用锥形量热仪、导热系数仪对复合材的燃烧性能和导热性能进行评价,并同扫描电镜从微观上观察了复合材胶合界面形貌。本研究的主要结论具体如下：(1)不同胶草比、原料形态、密度及板材结构对秸秆板的物理力学性能均有显著影响：随着胶草比的增大,秸秆板的静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)均先增大后减小,秸秆板的内结合强度(IB)均呈现上升趋势,吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)则呈现下降趋势；在同等施胶量的情况下,不同粗细料秸秆板MOR和MOE从大到小依次为：粗料、混合料、细料,IB从大到小而2hTS从小到大依次为：混合料、细料、粗料；模拟秸秆板的密度与MOR、MOE、IB和TS回归方程分别为y=19.148x-2.9411、y=3711.495x-343.1512、y=1.902x-1.0521和y=-2.336x+4.7060,相关系数表明密度与各指标均是密切线性相关；同等细粗料比例下单层结构的MOR和MOE均比三层结构大,单层结构的内结合强度和抑制厚度膨胀也比三层结构的强。(2)单因素试验和正交工艺优化试验表明：采用涂胶量为300g/m2、热压温度为120℃、热压时间为18min、热压压力为1.8MPa作为工艺参数,地板用单层秸秆基木质复合材的各项性能最优：含水率8%、MOR为49.2MPa、MOE为5600MPa、IB为1.15MPa、2hTS为1.56%、SB为0.96MPa、Ⅲ类Ⅱ类胶层均无剥离。(3)单因素试验和正交工艺优化试验表明：采用涂胶量为300-m2、热压温度为120℃、热压时间为18min、热压压力为1.8MPa作为工艺参数,地板用双层秸秆基木质复合材的各项性能最优：含水率8.8%、MOR为53.4MPa、MOE为6120MPa、IB为1.25MPa.2hTS为2.02%、SB为0.94MPa、Ⅲ类II类胶层均无剥离。(4)双层秸秆基木质复合材的导热系数比单层秸秆基木质复合材降低了21.7%,而单层秸秆基木质复合材的导热系数比基材秸秆板只降低了3.4%；两种不同结构复合材的热释放速率(HRR)、pk-HRR、热释放总量(THR)、烟释放速率(SPR)、总烟释放量(TSP)及质量损失速率(MLR)均远远低于普通胶合板的值；双层秸秆基木质复合材静力弯曲试件主要表现为三种破坏形式：断裂型、剪切型和混合型,其中主要以混合型破坏形式为主；适量的胶黏剂在合适的热压成型条件下,可以使胶黏剂渗透进入单板的多孔性结构中,形成力学嵌合或与细胞壁中聚合物成分形成化学连接,有利于提高界面层材料的力学强度和尺寸稳定性。
[Abstract]:The crop straw resources in our country are very abundant, but the utilization rate is lower, most of the straws are disposed directly or incinerated, not only the waste of the resources is caused, but also the smoke dust seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for rational exploitation and utilization of straw resources. In this paper, using straw as the research object, using the self-developed inorganic adhesive as the binding agent, the straw board base material was prepared by cold press forming technology, and the influence of wood shaving morphology, grass ratio, density and plate structure on the physical and mechanical properties of straw board were studied systematically. On the basis of this, two kinds of structural floors were developed to develop two kinds of structural floors. Through single factor and orthogonal test system, the influence of the application amount, hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time and hot pressing pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material were studied. A straw-based wood composite material process for environmental protection floor was obtained. Finally, the combustion performance and thermal conductivity of the composite material were evaluated by using a cone calorimeter and a thermal conductivity meter, and the interface morphology of the composite material was observed with the SEM. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The material morphology, density and plate structure have a remarkable effect on the physical and mechanical properties of straw board. The inner bonding strength (IB) of the straw board presents an upward trend, and the water absorption thickness expansion rate (TS) presents a downward trend; in the case of the same sizing amount, the straw boards MOR and MOE of different thicknesses are in the following order: coarse material, mixed material, fine material, The regression equations of the density and MOR, MOE, IB and TS of the simulated straw plate were y = 19. 148x-2.9411, y = 3711. 495x-343. 1512, y = 1.902x-1.0521 and y =-2.3336x + 4.7060, respectively. The MOR and MOE of the single-layer structure are larger than that of the three-layer structure, and the inner bonding strength and the restraining thickness expansion of the single-layer structure are also stronger than that of the three-layer structure. (2) The single factor test and the orthogonal process optimization test show that the application amount is 300g/ m2, the hot pressing temperature is 120 DEG C, the hot pressing time is 18min, the hot pressing pressure is 1. 8MPa as the process parameter, the performance of the single-layer straw-based wood composite material for the floor is optimal: the water content is 8%, the MOR is 49. 2MPa, The MOE is 5600MPa, IB is 1. 15MPa, 2hTS is 1. 56%, SB is 0. 96MPa, class III class II glue layer is free of peeling. (3) The single factor test and the orthogonal process optimization test show that the hot pressing temperature is 300-m2, the hot pressing temperature is 120 鈩，
本文编号：2268654
[Abstract]:The crop straw resources in our country are very abundant, but the utilization rate is lower, most of the straws are disposed directly or incinerated, not only the waste of the resources is caused, but also the smoke dust seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for rational exploitation and utilization of straw resources. In this paper, using straw as the research object, using the self-developed inorganic adhesive as the binding agent, the straw board base material was prepared by cold press forming technology, and the influence of wood shaving morphology, grass ratio, density and plate structure on the physical and mechanical properties of straw board were studied systematically. On the basis of this, two kinds of structural floors were developed to develop two kinds of structural floors. Through single factor and orthogonal test system, the influence of the application amount, hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time and hot pressing pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material were studied. A straw-based wood composite material process for environmental protection floor was obtained. Finally, the combustion performance and thermal conductivity of the composite material were evaluated by using a cone calorimeter and a thermal conductivity meter, and the interface morphology of the composite material was observed with the SEM. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The material morphology, density and plate structure have a remarkable effect on the physical and mechanical properties of straw board. The inner bonding strength (IB) of the straw board presents an upward trend, and the water absorption thickness expansion rate (TS) presents a downward trend; in the case of the same sizing amount, the straw boards MOR and MOE of different thicknesses are in the following order: coarse material, mixed material, fine material, The regression equations of the density and MOR, MOE, IB and TS of the simulated straw plate were y = 19. 148x-2.9411, y = 3711. 495x-343. 1512, y = 1.902x-1.0521 and y =-2.3336x + 4.7060, respectively. The MOR and MOE of the single-layer structure are larger than that of the three-layer structure, and the inner bonding strength and the restraining thickness expansion of the single-layer structure are also stronger than that of the three-layer structure. (2) The single factor test and the orthogonal process optimization test show that the application amount is 300g/ m2, the hot pressing temperature is 120 DEG C, the hot pressing time is 18min, the hot pressing pressure is 1. 8MPa as the process parameter, the performance of the single-layer straw-based wood composite material for the floor is optimal: the water content is 8%, the MOR is 49. 2MPa, The MOE is 5600MPa, IB is 1. 15MPa, 2hTS is 1. 56%, SB is 0. 96MPa, class III class II glue layer is free of peeling. (3) The single factor test and the orthogonal process optimization test show that the hot pressing temperature is 300-m2, the hot pressing temperature is 120 鈩，
本文编号：2268654
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