漓江水陆交错带生态修复体系构建研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:02

  本文选题：水陆交错带 + 体系　； 参考：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来随着工农业和旅游业的快速发展、西南地区季节性干旱,漓江呈现汛期洪水泛滥,枯水期时间延长、径流量变小,滩地裸露时间加长,水质变差,景区美景度下降,旅游承载力下降等生态环境问题。本文开展漓江水陆交错带生态问题诊断分析和生态系统健康评价,进行生态修复体系构建、关键生态修复技术研究以及生态管理策略研究,促进改善漓江水质、提高生态功能以及提升旅游景观品质,为漓江水陆交错带景观植被恢复提供技术参考和科学依据,为漓江社会经济可持续发展提供科技支撑。初步研究成果如下：(1)运用景观生态学方法,定性与定量分析相结合,进行漓江水陆交错带生态现状分析和生态问题诊断,通过干扰成因分析、等级划分和退化程度分析,诊断得出漓江水陆交错带生态系统七成以上处在轻度退化程度以上。进行了生态服务功能评估和生态系统健康评价,漓江水陆交错带生态系统主导功能为生物多样性,漓江水陆交错带基本处于亚健康状态。(2)在小尺度上,利用景观生态学及现代数理统计方法,基于对典型河漫滩微地貌景观结构空间特征分析,干扰对植物影响研究,河漫滩植被空间呈现带状分布,具有典型的砾石河滩→灌草地→疏林地水陆过渡带特征；人为干扰强烈区域植被退化严重。(3)在立地调查基础上进行了野外试验和室内模拟试验研究,植物筛选试验表明,淹水胁迫会影响植物生长,半淹处理对黄菖蒲、狗牙根、水蓼、蓰草、艾草、小蓬草、芦苇、空心莲子草生长最有利,可作为漓江水陆交错带生态修复的草种。基质试验表明艾草、紫菀、蓓草、空心莲子草、水杨梅、枫杨等植物对大颗粒基质抗逆性强,基质按砂砾石和土壤质量比1：9配比恢复效果好,泥炭和家畜肥有助于植物发芽和生长,团粒剂增加植物生长没有明显差异。生态修复模式试验表明一叶蔌和空心莲子草在采取工程辅助措施后在砾石河滩生态恢复良好。(4)漓江水陆交错带共划分出岸坡、阶地、滩涂、江心洲等4个立地类型组21个立地类型。漓江水陆交错带生态修复主要立地指标因子有坡度、土石比例、植被状况、土壤有机质等。构建了漓江水陆交错带生态系统修复体系,分为岸坡防护体系、阶地防护体系、砾石河滩防护体系、江心洲防护体系、十里画廊防护体系、城镇区防护体系等6大修复体系24种修复模式。根据退化程度和健康状态提出水陆交错带生态修复划分为修建型、修补型、调整型和保护型4大类型,相应的生态修复技术包括物种选育技术、植物镶嵌配置技术、基质修复技术、生态系统调控技术、工程绿化技术、快速绿化技术、管理技术等7大类26种技术,提出了典型河漫滩生态系统修复技术集成优化技术模式。(5)在生态退化机制诊断和生态系统健康评价的基础上,根据漓江水陆交错带的自然特点、环境现状、旅游发展需要和保护与恢复生态功能的要求,提出基于人为干预的漓江水陆交错带生态管理的措施,包括提高公众生态保护意识、生态系统保护、生态规划、生态修复、开发管理、创新游览模式、建立补偿机制、加强监测体系建设等。大圩古镇典型河漫滩应运用综合生态系统管理方式进行管理。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture and tourism, the seasonal drought in the southwest region, the Lijiang River shows Flood flood season, the time of dry water period is prolonged, the runoff is smaller, the time of bare land is longer, the water quality is worse, the beauty of scenic spots is reduced, and the tourism carrying capacity is declining, and the ecological problems of the Lijiang River and water interlaced zone are carried out in this paper. Diagnosis analysis and ecosystem health evaluation, ecological restoration system construction, key ecological restoration technology research and ecological management strategy research, promote the improvement of Lijiang River water quality, improve the ecological function and improve the tourism landscape quality, provide technical reference and scientific basis for the landscape vegetation restoration of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone, for Lijiang River Society The sustainable development of the economy provides scientific and technological support. The preliminary research results are as follows: (1) using the landscape ecology method, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, the ecological situation analysis and ecological problem diagnosis of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone are carried out, the analysis of the causes of interference, the grade division and the degree of degradation are analyzed, and the ecosystem of the Lijiang River and land ecotone is diagnosed. The ecological service function evaluation and ecosystem health evaluation were carried out over 70% of the system. The ecosystem leading function of the Lijiang River and land ecotone was biological diversity, and the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone was basically in subhealth state. (2) on the small scale, the landscape ecology and modern mathematical statistics were used. The typical river beach micro landform landscape structure spatial characteristics analysis, disturbance to plant influence research, the river beach vegetation space presents the strip distribution, has the typical gravel river beach, the irrigation grassland to the sparse forest land transition zone, the intense area vegetation degradation is serious. (3) on the basis of site investigation, field experiments and indoor experiments are carried out. Plant screening tests show that flooding stress will affect plant growth. Semi flooding is the most favorable for the growth of Huang Changpu, dog root, Polygonum, grass, grass, small fluffy grass, reed, and lotus seed grass. It can be used as a grass species for ecological restoration of the Lijiang River and water interlaced zone. The effect of maple young and other plants on the large particle matrix is strong, the matrix and soil quality are better than 1:9, peat and domestic animal fertilizer can help the plant to germinate and grow, and there is no obvious difference between the plant growth and the growth of the plant. The ecological restoration model test shows that the one leaf and the empty heart lotus grass are in the gravel after the engineering auxiliary measures are taken. The ecological restoration of the Shihe beach is good. (4) the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone divides the bank slope, the terrace, the beach, the Jiang Xin Zhou and other 21 site types. The main index factors of the ecological restoration of the Lijiang River and land ecotone include the slope, the proportion of soil and rock, the condition of vegetation and the organic matter of the soil, and the ecological restoration of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone is constructed. The system is divided into 24 kinds of restoration models, namely, bank slope protection system, terrace protection system, gravel river beach protection system, Jiang Xin Zhou protection system, ten Li Gallery protection system, and urban area protection system and other 24 restoration modes. According to the degree of degradation and health, the ecological repair of the land and water ecotone is divided into the construction type, the patching type, the adjustment type and the protection type 4 major. Types and corresponding ecological restoration techniques include species breeding technology, plant mosaic configuration technology, matrix repair technology, ecological system regulation technology, engineering greening technology, rapid greening technology, management technology and other 7 kinds of technologies, and put forward the integrated optimization technology model of typical river beach ecosystem repair and restoration technology. (5) in the ecological degradation mechanism On the basis of diagnosis and ecosystem health assessment, according to the natural characteristics, environmental status, tourism development and ecological functions of the Lijiang River and water interlaced zone, the ecological management measures of the Lijiang River and land interlaced zone based on human intervention are proposed, including improving the ecological protection awareness, ecosystem protection and ecological planning of the public. Ecological restoration, development and management, innovative sightseeing mode, establishment of compensation mechanism, and strengthening the construction of monitoring system. The typical river beach in the ancient town of Dawei should be managed by comprehensive ecosystem management.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X171.4
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本文编号：1982931