城市大气环境治理创新模式及方法研究

发布时间：2019-03-16 18:36

【摘要】：在生态文明建设和雾霾治理大背景下,探索城市大气环境治理创新模式,以管理科学化、精益化促进城市永续发展,对于推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要的理论和现实意义。首先,针对环境和经济二元对立的发展模式、短期解决大气污染的观点,提出城市大气环境治理需要全方位、全过程创新。城市大气环境治理创新模式作为一种理论体系或研究范式,是治理主体针对高度人工化的城市大气环境,不断变革管理理念、制度和手段,以实现环境和经济协调发展、持续改善的决策过程。其次,理念创新方面,提出“管理创新驱动环境效率改善”假设。以新制度经济学为理论基础,构建环境与经济共赢理论框架体系,通过管理、经济、环境系统逐级传导,政府环境管理行为影响环境效率产生“环境管理效应”。基于持续改善理论,按照戴明环建立的自我完善动态管理体系,内生驱动三系统有序循环,从而实现环境和经济协调发展、持续改善。再次,制度创新方面,研究城市大气环境治理考核制度设计和优化问题。首先,考察上级政府三种考核机制对地方政府和产污企业演化博弈策略稳定性的影响。以环境执法结果为导向的考核,地方政府与产污企业博弈呈现周期性特点。当“环境管理效应系数”比较高,即政府努力对环境质量改善贡献比较大时,以环境质量为导向的考核有助于形成演化稳定策略。以过程为导向的考核机制中,累进惩罚可达到演化博弈均衡。其次,以地方官员“理性人”为假设,用华北地区城市面板数据建立计量模型发现,地方官员晋升竞争强度对环境绩效具有显著影响,晋升竞争强度越大,工业二氧化硫排放强度越高。因此,要改变以GDP为主的考核模式,完善干部政绩考核评价体系。最后,以天津市为例进行实证研究。二氧化硫、氮氧化物和烟(粉)尘库兹涅兹曲线表明,污染物排放量与收入水平关系并不显著,与政府环境政策显著负相关,证明了“管理创新驱动环境效率改善”假设。大气污染物环境库兹涅兹曲线滞后性比较强,说明环境质量结果导向考核机制需要考虑环境管理效应系数。运用SBM-DEA模型测算天津大气环境效率,投入产出变量松弛率和收敛性分析均证明了“管理创新驱动环境效率改善”假设。
[Abstract]:Under the background of ecological civilization construction and haze management, this paper explores the innovative model of urban atmospheric environment governance in order to promote the sustainable development of the city by scientific management and lean management. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. First of all, in view of the dualistic development mode of environment and economy and the short-term solution of air pollution, it is pointed out that the urban atmospheric environment treatment needs all-round and whole-process innovation. As a theoretical system or research paradigm, the innovative model of urban atmospheric environment governance is aimed at the highly artificial urban atmospheric environment, constantly changes the management concept, system and means, in order to achieve the coordinated development of environment and economy. Continuous improvement in the decision-making process. Secondly, on the aspect of concept innovation, the hypothesis of "management innovation drives environmental efficiency improvement" is put forward. Based on the theory of new institutional economics, the framework system of win-win theory of environment and economy is constructed. Through management, economy and environmental system gradually transmitting, the government's environmental management behavior affects the environmental efficiency to produce "environmental management effect". Based on the theory of continuous improvement, according to the self-improvement dynamic management system established by Deming Ring, it drives the orderly circulation of the three systems endogenously, so as to realize the coordinated development of environment and economy, and the continuous improvement. Thirdly, on the aspect of system innovation, this paper studies the design and optimization of urban atmospheric environment management and assessment system. Firstly, the influence of three assessment mechanisms of higher-level government on the stability of evolutionary game strategy between local government and pollution-producing enterprises is investigated. Based on the results of environmental law enforcement, the game between local government and pollution-producing enterprises is periodic. When the "environmental management effect coefficient" is relatively high, that is, when the government makes great contribution to the improvement of environmental quality, environmental quality-oriented assessment is helpful to form the evolutionary stability strategy. In the process-oriented assessment mechanism, the progressive penalty can reach the evolutionary game equilibrium. Secondly, based on the assumption of "rational person" of local officials, using the urban panel data in North China to establish an econometric model, it is found that the promotion competition intensity of local officials has a significant impact on environmental performance, and the greater the promotion competition intensity, the greater the promotion competition intensity. The higher the intensity of industrial sulfur dioxide emission. Therefore, it is necessary to change the GDP-based assessment mode and improve the evaluation system of cadres' political achievements. Finally, taking Tianjin as an example, an empirical study is carried out. The Kuznets curve of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and smoke (powder) dust shows that the relationship between pollutant emissions and income level is not significant, but is negatively correlated with government environmental policy, which proves the hypothesis that "management innovation drives environmental efficiency improvement". The lag of environmental Kuznets curve of atmospheric pollutants is strong, which indicates that environmental management effect coefficient should be taken into account in the assessment mechanism of environmental quality results. The SBM-DEA model is used to calculate the atmospheric environmental efficiency of Tianjin, the relaxation rate of input-output variables and the convergence analysis prove the hypothesis of "management innovation drives environmental efficiency improvement".
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51

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