市场失灵、国有企业与政府管制

发布时间：2018-11-10 07:31

【摘要】：如果在完全竞争市场的世界里,只要依靠市场价格机制就能达到一种稳定的最优均衡,市场是有效率的,每个市场主体都能够在自身利益最大化这一假定前提下作出良好决策。在这种情况下,私有企业是有效率的,是不需要政府对私有企业管制和创建国有企业的。然而,一旦因自然垄断、外部性和不公平等引起市场失灵,市场价格体系的内在机制就是不稳定的,很容易造成收入差距拉大和经济不稳定,最优均衡是不存在的。此时作为准政府机构,国有企业的存在是十分必要的,重点是弥补市场失灵。然而,由于国有企业所有者的机会主义行为和道德风险,又使得国有企业成为市场不稳定或经济低效率的来源,从而造成国有企业失灵,因此还需要政府加强对国有企业管制,包括反垄断法的制定实施、价格管制以及国有企业的分红和租金管理等,界定不同国有企业的功能及其目标。不能仅仅偏好私有企业,政府管制对国有企业而言也十分重要,这对于全面深化经济体制改革具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:If a stable optimal equilibrium can be achieved only by relying on the market price mechanism in a completely competitive market, the market is efficient, and each market entity can make a good decision under the assumption that its own interests are maximized. In this case, private enterprises are efficient and do not require government regulation of private enterprises and the creation of state-owned enterprises. However, once the market failure is caused by natural monopoly, externality and unfairness, the internal mechanism of the market price system is unstable, and it is easy to cause the income gap to widen and the economy to be unstable, and the optimal equilibrium does not exist. At this time, as a quasi-government organization, the existence of state-owned enterprises is very necessary, the focus is to make up for market failure. However, due to the opportunistic behavior and moral hazard of the owners of state-owned enterprises, the state-owned enterprises have become the source of market instability or economic inefficiency, which leads to the failure of state-owned enterprises, so it is necessary for the government to strengthen the control of state-owned enterprises. It includes the formulation and implementation of anti-monopoly law, price control, dividends and rent management of state-owned enterprises, and defines the functions and objectives of different state-owned enterprises. Government regulation is also very important for state-owned enterprises, which is of great significance for deepening the reform of economic system in an all-round way.
【作者单位】：吉林大学中国国有经济研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“推进经济结构战略性调整研究”(项目编号:13&ZD022) 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目“交易成本、沉淀成本与政府反垄断问题研究”(项目编号:NCET-13-0247) 教育部人文社科研究基地重大项目“全球经贸体系重构下中国经济改革深化与发展方式转型研究”(项目编号:14JJD790021) 吉林大学“985”和青年师生学科交叉培育项目“乌托邦精神与经济学研究的哲学基础”(项目编号:JCKY-SYJC04)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F276.1;F123.9;D630

【参考文献】