马克思商品价值的哲学意义及当代发展

发布时间：2018-02-09 22:07

本文关键词： 《资本论》商品价值劳动价值论　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：资本论是马克思研究资本主义经济生产方法和过程的顶峰之作,深刻地分析了资本主义发展的历史,揭示了资本主义的生产方法、揭穿了资本主义迅速发展的秘密。本文主要针对资本论中商品价值理论的部分进行研究,共分为五个部分阐述。以劳动价值理论为基础的商品价值理论是马克思的伟大发现,很多古代思想家都对此进行了研究,但总是因为时代或观念的局限而陷入无法解决的自相矛盾,比如亚里士多德因为它所处的奴隶时代的局限性就认识不到人与人之间劳动的平等性。到了资本主义的时代,相比于商品,人们更关心货币这种完成了的形态,更关心如何从资本中获利,更关心商品的价格表现,而没有兴趣和耐心对商品价值形成的历史进行深入研究。资产阶级的辩护者由于利益关系更不可能对商品价值进行公正的研究,大多观点混乱,理论水平极低。所以古典经济学家和庸俗经济学家都总是被货币的表面现象所迷惑而无法把握商品和货币的本质。在对什么创造价值的问题上,这些经济学家要么搞混了价值和使用价值,要么搞混了价值与价格。马克思在深刻批判前人商品价值理论观点的同时,经过对商品交换的历史和商品生产过程的深刻分析,创立了劳动价值理论,发现了劳动力这个能够产生剩余价值的特殊商品,并进一步探讨了资本为了获取剩余价值的各种生产方法。不可否认的是,前人对商品价值理论的研究也包含了很多正确的思想,让马克思的研究站在了一个比较高的起点上。对马克思之前或同时代的经济学家对商品价值看法的介绍构成了论文第一章的主要内容。研究马克思的商品价值理论首先要尊重原著,弄清楚马克思商品价值理论各个概念的准确思想,因为对马克思相关概念的理解不同,我国的学者形成了以骆耕漠先生为代表的窄派、以于光远先生为代表的中派和以卓炯先生为代表的宽派,他们的理论之间互相都有矛盾的地方,但真理只有一个,三派的理论不可能全都正确。因此论文的第二章对马克思商品价值理论的主要内容进行了详细的介绍,依托于资本论第一卷,将马克思的商品价值理论归纳成了商品价值的产生及特点、商品价值的表现形式——货币、特殊商品价值的利用——资本三大部分。马克思对商品价值理论探讨的过程中运用了丰富的唯物辩证法思想,比如商品的相对价值形式和等价形式、使用价值和价值,具体劳动和抽象劳动等体现了对立统一规律,一般等价物到货币的蜕变则体现了质量互变规律,从原始共产制社会到资本主义社会再到社会主义社会的发展则体现了否定之否定规律。而商品流通和货币流通之间的关系就是原因和结果的关系;黄金替代其他一般等价物成为货币的最终形式既有必然性又有偶然性,其发展过程体现了必然性与偶然性之间的辩证关系;商品能不能卖出去决定了蕴藏在商品中的价值量能否转化为货币的现实性,商品与货币之间是可能性与现实性的关系;商品的价值是物品能成为商品的本质,商品的价格是表现商品本质的现象,商品的价值与价格的关系是本质和现象的关系等等,都是马克思在商品价值的讨论中涉及的唯物辩证法基本范畴辩证性的丰富体现。因此,论文将马克思商品价值理论体现的唯物辩证法单独列为一章进行讨论。马克思提出商品价值理论已经一百多年了,在这一百多年中,人类社会的生产力发生了翻天覆地的变化,无论是生产力的要素还是商品的特征都发生了很大的变化,因此有必要对马克思商品价值理论在新时代条件下的新特点与新发展进行讨论,对现代社会商品内在矛盾中各因素及其地位的变化、科学技术在生产力中逐渐占据首要地位、劳动创造商品价值的质的方面的拓展和当代精神生产的商品属性及特征四个方面的讨论构成了第四部分的主要内容商品经过产生和发展肯定有灭亡的一天,在科学技术飞速发展的现代,马克思商品价值理论中的一些规律也会因为量变的积累而产生质变。例如,生产力有概率在未来的时候实现完全的自动化,商品的价值有几率接近于零。在这种情况下,人类可以重新回到所有生活物资都免费获取的伊甸园。本论文在最后一部分对这些问题进行了探讨和猜想。综上,论文以马克思《资本论》第一卷为主要研究资料,同时参考其他相关著作和论文,对马克思商品价值理论形成的背景、马克思商品价值理论的主要内容、马克思商品价值理论体现的唯物辩证法以及马克思商品价值理论蕴含的未来曙光进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:Capital is peak Marx research capitalist economy production method and process for the profound analysis of the history of capitalist development, reveals the production method of capitalism, expose the rapid development of capitalism's secret. This paper focuses on the capital value of the goods on the part of theory research, is divided into five parts. The value of labor based on the theory of commodity value theory is Marx's great discoveries, many ancient thinkers have studied, but always because of age or the concept of limitation and can not solve the contradiction in such as Aristotle, because of the limitations of the slave era would not recognize the equality of labor between person and person to. The capitalist era, compared to the goods, people are more concerned about money this completed form, are more concerned about how to profit from the capital, more close The price performance of heart goods, without interest and patience to the commodity value of the history of the formation of in-depth study. The bourgeoisie's defenders as interest not fair on the value of the goods, most point of confusion, theoretical level is very low. So the classical economists and vulgar economists have always been puzzled by the surface phenomenon of currency it cannot grasp the essence of commodity and money. In what creates value, these economists or confuse the value and use value, or mix the value and price. Marx in the profound criticism of previous commodity value theory at the same time, through the deep analysis of the history of commodity exchange and commodity production process, founded the labor value theory, found this special commodity labor can produce surplus value, and further discusses the capital in order to obtain the residual value All kinds of production methods of value. It is undeniable that the previous research on commodity value theory also contains a lot of correct ideas, let Marx research station in a relatively high starting point. For Marx before or at the same time economists view the value of a commodity introduction constitute the main content of the thesis the first chapter the study of Marx's theory of commodity value. First of all to respect the original, clear and accurate ideas of the various concepts of Marx theory of the value of goods, because of the different concepts related to the understanding of Marx, China's scholars formed a narrow school represented by Mr. Luo Gengmo, on behalf of Mr. Yu Guangyuan in the school and on behalf of Mr. Zhuo Jiong broad group, there is a discrepancy between each other of their theories, but there is only one truth, three the theories may not be all right. Therefore, the second chapter of Marx commodity value theory The main contents of the theory are introduced in detail, based on the first volume of capital, Marx's theory of commodity value into the background and the characteristics of the value of goods, commodity value form - currency - capital of three most of the use of special commodity value. To explore the process of Marx on the theory of the value of goods in the use of the dialectics rich materialism, such as commodity value form and the equivalent form, use value and value, abstract and concrete labor and reflects the law of the unity of opposites, the general equivalent to monetary transformation reflects the mutual change law of quality, from the primitive communistic society to capitalist society and to the development of the socialist society is reflected in the negative the negative relationship between the law and the circulation of commodity and money is the cause and result of gold; replace other general equivalent as The final form of currency is inevitable and accidental, its development process reflects the dialectical relationship between necessity and contingency; goods can be sold to determine reserves value in commodities can be transformed into the reality of the currency, commodity and currency is the relationship between the possibility and reality of the goods; the value of goods can be the nature of goods, the price of the commodity is the commodity nature of the phenomenon, the relationship between value and price of commodities is the phenomenon and essence of the relationship between Marx and so on, are discussed in the value of the goods involved in the rich embodiment of dialectical materialism basic category of dialectical materialism. Therefore, the commercial value of Marx the theory of embodied dialectics as a separate chapter discussed. Marx put forward the theory of commodity value has been more than 100 years, in the past more than 100 years, human society has turned productivity The day change cover, both feature is the factor of productivity or commodities have changed greatly, so it is necessary to Marx's theory of commodity value new characteristics and new development in the new era are discussed, and the status of the various factors change the inherent contradictions of commodity in modern society, science and technology gradually occupy the primary position in productivity, the four aspects of product attributes and characteristics of the discussion of labor creates commodity value of the quality of the development and production of the contemporary spirit constitute the main content of the fourth part of the goods after emergence and development must have come to an end, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, some rules of commodity value theory of Marx because the accumulation of quantitative change and qualitative change. For example, productivity has probability to achieve completely automation in the future, the value of the goods has a chance to close to zero. In this case, human beings can return to life all supplies have free access to the garden of Eden. In the final part of this thesis discusses these problems and conjectures. To sum up, this paper takes Marx < > the first volume of capital as the main research data, and other related books and papers, on the formation of Marx's theory of commodity value the background and main contents of Marx's theory of the value of goods, commodity value theory embodies Marx materialist dialectics and Marx contains the theory of the value of goods coming dawn was discussed.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F014.3

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