我国环境规制的经济学分析

发布时间：2018-02-13 08:17

本文关键词： 环境规制环境规制效率命令-控制型市场型自愿型　出处：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化等形势的日益严峻,全世界对生态化转型的诉求日渐高涨。就我国来说,环境污染问题已成为经济社会可持续发展的束缚。近年来频发的雾霾天气更是让环境问题成为人们关注的焦点,扭转环境恶化的趋势,实现环境污染的有效防治,成为我国社会和谐发展的关键所在。本文在归纳总结国内外已有研究的基础上,以优化我国现有环境规制体系为目标,对我国既有的环境规制进行经济学分析。首先系统的梳理分析了环境规制的含义、主要内容及政策类别,进而采用分类研究方法研究命令-控制型、市场型以及自愿型三种环境规制各自的理论基础、特点、局限性。其次,对于三种环境环境规制在我国的实践进行经济学分析,并分析了效率低下的原因。再次,基于命令-控制型环境规制是我国当前最要的环境规制制度,为了更加明确的了解我国环境规制的的效率状况,采用数据包络分析的方法对于命令-控制型环境规制在我国的环境规制效率进行实证分析,并进一步的运用VAR模型对命令-控制型规制效率的影响因素进行脉冲响应与方差分解分析,得出各个环境规制政策投入指标对规制效率的贡献度。最后,结合第三章的环境规制效率低下的原因以及第四章实证分析结论,针对性地提出我国环境规制的改进建议及措施。通过建立命令-控制型环境规制产出-投入评价体系,可以发现我国命令-控制型环境规制工具的规制效率在1995-2014的大多数年份呈现无效率的状态,这种无效率在一定程度上与我国的经济增长方式存在联系,也与环境规制政策实施、环境科技研发、环境资本积累和环境人才这四个因素密不可分。通过对市场型环境规制的经济学分析可以发现,市场型环境规制,以企业为主体,对企业的减排治污的激励更大,具有更高的发展潜力,以排污费与排污权交易为重点的市场型环境规制在我国正在逐渐发展,并有扩大的趋势,但是相对于成熟的命令型环境规制来说,我国的市场型环境规制还存在排污收费标准有待调整、排污权初始界定不统一等问题。通过对自愿型环境规制工具的分析可以发现,自愿型规制工具可以更好的发挥公众的监督作用,但是我国自愿型规制还存在准入门槛高、公众参与不足的问题。综合以上分析,本文进一步分析我国环境规制存在诸多问题的原因主要是环境规制制度不完善、环境科技水平低以及参与者环境责任意识淡薄。基于此,本文进一步的提出了完善环境规制制度,提高环境科技水平以及强化环境责任意识,鼓励公众参与的对策,从而为我国环境规制体系的良好发展,提高治污效率提供建议。全文以考察与评价环境规制制度为中心,旨在为我国制定更有效的环境规制政策提供理论和实证依据,同时为相关部门借助环境工具实现有针对性的环境规制目标提供决策参考。
[Abstract]:With the tightening of resource constraints, the serious environmental pollution and the degradation of ecosystem, the demands of ecological transformation in the world are rising day by day. As far as our country is concerned, The problem of environmental pollution has become the bondage of the sustainable development of economy and society. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of haze weather has made the environmental problem become the focus of attention, reversing the trend of environmental deterioration, and realizing the effective prevention and control of environmental pollution. It is the key to the harmonious development of our society. On the basis of summing up the existing research at home and abroad, this paper aims to optimize the existing environmental regulation system in China. Firstly, this paper systematically analyzes the meaning, main contents and policy categories of environmental regulation, and then studies the command-control type by using the classification research method. Market and voluntary environmental regulation each of the theoretical basis, characteristics, limitations. Secondly, the three environmental regulations in China's practice of economic analysis, and analysis of the reasons for inefficiency. Based on command-control environmental regulation is the most important environmental regulation system in China, in order to understand the efficiency of environmental regulation in China more clearly. The efficiency of command-control environmental regulation in China is empirically analyzed by means of data envelopment analysis. And further use the VAR model to analyze the impulse response and variance decomposition of the influencing factors of command-control regulation efficiency, and obtain the contribution of each environmental regulation policy input index to the regulation efficiency. Combined with the reasons of the inefficiency of environmental regulation in Chapter 3 and the conclusion of empirical analysis in Chapter 4th, the author puts forward the suggestions and measures to improve environmental regulation in China. It can be found that the regulation efficiency of our country's command-control environmental regulation tool is inefficient in most years of 1995-2014. To some extent, this inefficiency is related to the mode of economic growth in our country, and also to the implementation of environmental regulation policy. The four factors of environmental science and technology research and development, environmental capital accumulation and environmental talents are inseparable. Through the economic analysis of market-based environmental regulation, we can find that market-based environmental regulation is dominated by enterprises. The incentive for enterprises to reduce and control pollution is greater and has higher development potential. The market-based environmental regulation, which focuses on sewage charges and emission trading, is gradually developing in China and has a tendency to expand. However, compared with the mature ordered environmental regulation, there are still some problems in China's market-based environmental regulation, such as the adjustment of emission charging standards, the inconsistent initial definition of emission rights, etc. Through the analysis of voluntary environmental regulation tools, it can be found that, Voluntary regulatory tools can better play the role of public supervision, but voluntary regulation in China still has the problem of high entry threshold and insufficient public participation. This paper further analyzes the causes of many problems in environmental regulation in China, such as the imperfection of environmental regulation system, the low level of environmental science and technology and the weak awareness of environmental responsibility of participants. This article further proposed to improve the system of environmental regulation, improve the level of environmental science and technology, and strengthen the awareness of environmental responsibility, encouraging public participation, so as to improve the development of China's environmental regulation system. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical and empirical basis for the formulation of more effective environmental regulation policies in China. At the same time, it provides decision-making reference for relevant departments to realize the target of environmental regulation by means of environmental tools.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X196

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