公共物品供给的主体多元化研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 19:47

本文关键词： 公共物品政府市场非营利部门多元化　出处：《陕西师范大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 经济学研究是以如何增加社会财富、促进社会福利为出发点，本文也就是在这样一个信念下，试图对公共物品的供给主体作一些尝试性的研究。研究公共物品的理论意义在于公共物品相对于私人物品而言，更贴切地反映了整个社会或集团的需要，更接近社会集体的福利实现。研究公共物品的现实意义在于公共物品的投资将创造新的生产能力，成为构成最终经济需求的重要因素。公共物品的投资、生产、经营及管理等活动，能诱发生产活动，进而涉及到居民消费和其它领域，最终使城市的GDP得以增长。在其动态运营中，会派生出一系列经济活动，与之直接相关的有加工业、制造业，与之配套的有房地产业等。其投资规模的扩大、经营效率的提高，会从需求方面为许多产业的发展创造市场，而这些产业反过来又会扩大对公共物品的需求，最终导致明显的乘数效应，促进经济增长。对我国来讲，公共物品投资不足、供给滞后的现状，严重阻碍了我国经济建设的发展，在面对国家财力不足，政府投资效率不高的现实情况下，如何运用有效的资源配置方式，取得最佳的经济和社会效益，对这一问题的研究和探讨就有着极为重要的意义。如何提高公共物品的供给效率，一直是市场经济国家发展过程中的理论与实践难题，公共物品理论也因此受到广泛关注。传统公共物品理论告诉我们，通过市场的力量可以较好的组织私人物品的生产和消费，公共物品则由国家管理，供给实行计划调节。这一理论实际上值得商榷，譬如，在瑞典这样典型的福利经济国家，其GDP的70％用于公共福利支出，但该国的国有企业仅占公共事业总值的50％，从这个角度看，把公共物品供给全部由政府包下来的思路就值得怀疑了。传统公共物品理论从公共物品的高效率生产与供应的条件出发，充分论证了市场机制对公共物品供给调节无能为力，从而为政府干预经济生活提供了一种可能和必要的理论解释，这些理论解释几乎是和现代经济学的产生和发展同步进行的。自与“现代政治经济学之父”威廉·配第同时代的政治学者托马斯·霍布斯从社会契约论和利益赋税论角度开创了关于公共物品的思想以后，经众多经济学家的不断努力，使公共物品理论得到了较好的完善与发展，他们在理论上解释了公共物品不同于市场机制作用下的私人物品，即在消费上具有的非排他性和非竞争性，使其在生产供应上易遭受“搭便车”行为，，由此揭示了私人市场供应公共物品的低效率和政府提供公共物品的高效率与客观必然性。但是，现实经济生活并不是以理论分析者预期的那样运行，仅就经济生活中的公共物品供应而言，众多的公共物品并非总是由政府生产和提供，而可以由私人市场和非营利部门生产和提供。面对来自现实的挑战，众多的学者在理论上都回避了这一问题，而极少数的学者仅从经验材料举出了私人提供公共物品的诸多生活案例，未能用明晰的理论逻辑将其贯穿性地解释清楚。本文在继承公共物品理论合理内核的基础上，对公共物品理论做了新的探讨和审视，通过实践和理论验证，认为公共物品的供给主体不是政府一元化的，而是由包括政府、市场和非营利部门在内的多元化主体构成，并在充分论证公共物品多元化主体供给可能性的基础上，进一步对多元化主体间如何相互协调供给进行了分析，最后对我国公共物品的供给提出了对策性建议。
[Abstract]:Economic research is based on how to increase social wealth and promote social welfare. Based on this belief, this paper tries to do some tentative research on the supply of public goods.
The theory meaning of studying public goods in the public goods compared with private goods, it reflects the need of whole society or group, closer to the social collective welfare. Practical significance of studying public goods lies in investment will create new production capacity, become the important factor of the final economic demand of public goods. The investment, production, operation and management and other activities, can induce production activities, which relates to the consumer and other fields, the final GDP of the city to grow. In the dynamic operation, will derive a series of economic activities, directly related to the industry, manufacturing industry, with the support of the real estate industry. To expand its scale of investment, enhance the efficiency of management, will create a market for the development of many industries from the demand side, which in turn will expand the industry to public goods required O, eventually led to a significant multiplier effect, promote economic growth. In our country, the shortage of the public goods investment, the current supply lag, seriously hindered the economic development of our country, in the face of lack of national financial resources, the reality of government investment efficiency is not high, how to use effective allocation of resources, achieve the best economic and social benefits, research and Discussion on this issue has very important significance.
How to improve the efficiency of public goods supply, has been the theory and practice problem in market economy, the theory of public goods has also attracted widespread attention. The traditional public goods theory tells us, the market can better organize production and consumption of private goods, public goods should be managed by country, supply plan adjustment this theory is worthy of discussion. In fact, for example, a typical welfare country in Sweden, 70% of GDP for public welfare spending, but the country's state-owned enterprises accounted for only 50% of the value of public utilities, from this perspective, the supply of public goods by the government to pack down the idea is questionable.
The traditional theory of public goods from the high efficiency of production and supply of public goods in the condition of fully demonstrates the market mechanism for public goods supply adjustment so as to provide explanation incapable of action, a possible and necessary theory for government intervention in economic life, the theoretical explanation is almost synchronized and the emergence and development of modern economics. Since with the "modern political economics" the father of William petty contemporary political scholar Thomas Hobbs from the theory of social contract and benefit tax theory and created a public goods, by the continuous efforts of many economists, the theory of public goods has been improved with the development of good, they are different from the market mechanism of public goods under the action of private goods in theory, which is in the consumption of non exclusive and non competitive, making it vulnerable to supply in production By "hitchhiker", it reveals the public supply of the public.
The low efficiency of the goods and the high efficiency and objective necessity of providing public goods by the government.
However, real economic life does not run as expected by the theoretical analyst, only in economic life.
In terms of the supply of public goods, a large number of public goods are not always produced and provided by the government, but may be private.
The human market and the non-profit sector produce and provide. In the face of the challenges from reality, many scholars are in theory.
The problem is avoided, and a very small number of scholars have only given a lot of private supplies from the experiential materials.
The case of life can not be interpreted through a clear theoretical logic.
On the basis of inheriting the rational kernel of the theory of public goods, this paper makes a new discussion on the theory of public goods.
Through the practice and theoretical verification, it is considered that the main body of the supply of public goods is not the monalization of the government.
It is composed of the diversified subjects including the government, the market and the non-profit sector, and is fully demonstrating the public objects.
On the basis of the possibility of the supply of diversified subjects, how to supply each other in coordination with each other further
In the end, we put forward some suggestions on the supply of public goods in China.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F062.6

【引证文献】