正义与经济分配

发布时间：2018-04-01 01:10

本文选题：经济分配　切入点：正义原则　出处：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 经济活动中的分配正义问题长期以来都是学界和民众关心的热点问题,但令人遗憾的是我们并不能很好的回答这个问题。这首先体现在这个问题本身没有被清晰地阐明。本文力图澄清相关的基本概念,并为分析该问题提供一个框架。首先,本文解析了经济分配中的要素。其包括分配的对象,分配的机制,分配的层次和分配的范围等。第二,围绕对“给怎样的人同样的东西?给怎样的人不同的东西?”这个问题的解答,文章分析了当今影响较大,流传广泛的正义理论,并力图辨明其各自的界限和问题。第三,文章力图阐明这些正义理论在何种意义和程度上,为经济领域中的不同分配方式来进行辩护和批判,并分析它们会如何影响分配机制的形成。就方法而言,第一步是语言上的批判,追求概念上的清晰与明确;第二步是思想上的批判,梳理出理论的脉络;最后一步是现实批判,追问正义理论对经济分配的辩护和影响。通过以上的分析,本文的基本结论如下:第一,经济领域中的分配的对象包括机会,合作剩余,经济权利和义务。分配的方式分为市场自发分配和组织按照计划和原则来分配两种。在实际的分配过程中,市场负责部分合作剩余的分配。剩下的合作剩余,经济权利和义务,以及机会都需要组织按照计划来分配。分配具有层次性。第二,不同的正义理论所针对的分配对象不同。功利主义,自由主义,按需分配原则主要处理合作剩余的分配。平等主义,罗尔斯,以及按应得进行分配的原则不仅涉及合作剩余的分配,还处理经济权利和义务的分配。对于“给怎样的人同样的东西?给怎样的人不同的东西?”这个问题,各派提出功利、权利、需求、应得这4个主要标准,而罗尔斯的理论则是一种具有综合性的体系。第三,完全竞争情况下的市场分配机制,一般会获得自由主义和功利主义分配原则的支持,并在一定的程度上受到应得原则的辩护。在存在大量垄断的情况下,其将受到应得,功利主义,按需分配等原则的强劲批评。在组织设定分配计划时,应得、需求、平等,以及罗尔斯的理论将会发挥重要作用,特别是在权利和义务的分配上其作用尤为突出。
[Abstract]:The issue of distribution justice in economic activities has long been a hot issue of concern to the academic community and the public. But unfortunately, we are not able to answer this question very well. First of all, this question is not clearly elucidated. This paper tries to clarify the basic concepts and provide a framework for analyzing the problem. This paper analyzes the elements of economic distribution. It includes the object of distribution, the mechanism of distribution, the level of distribution and the scope of distribution. Second, it revolves around "to what kind of person the same thing?" What kind of people are different things? "the answer to this question is to analyze the influential and widespread theories of justice today, and to identify their respective boundaries and problems. Third, the article tries to clarify the significance and extent of these theories of justice. It defends and criticizes the different ways of distribution in the economic field, and analyzes how they will affect the formation of the distribution mechanism. In terms of methods, the first step is the criticism of language and the pursuit of clarity and clarity of concept. The second step is ideological criticism, combing out the context of theory, and the last step is realistic criticism, questioning the defense and influence of justice theory on economic distribution. Through the above analysis, the basic conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the objects of distribution in the economic field include opportunities, cooperation surplus, Economic rights and obligations. The way of distribution is divided into two types: spontaneous market distribution and organization according to the plan and principle. In the actual distribution process, the market is responsible for the distribution of partial cooperative surplus, the remaining cooperative surplus, economic rights and obligations, And opportunities need to be distributed according to the plan. Distribution is hierarchical. Second, different theories of justice are directed at different objects of distribution. Utilitarianism, liberalism, The principle of distribution according to need mainly deals with the distribution of cooperative surplus. The principle of egalitarianism, Rawls, and distribution according to entitlement is not only concerned with the distribution of cooperative surplus, It also deals with the distribution of economic rights and obligations. What kind of people are different things? "on this issue, the parties put forward the four main criteria of utility, power, demand, and entitlement, while Rawls' theory is a comprehensive system. Third, the market distribution mechanism in the case of complete competition. Generally supported by liberal and utilitarian principles of distribution, and to a certain extent justified by the principle of entitlement. In the case of a large number of monopolies, they will be entitled to entitlement, utilitarianism, Strong criticism of principles such as distribution according to need. In organizing distribution plans, the theories of entitlement, demand, equality, and Rawls will play an important role, especially in the distribution of rights and obligations.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F014.4

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