经济增长与收入分配互动研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 14:41

本文选题：经济增长 + 收入分配　；参考：《武汉大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：自古以来，人类就面临着生存和发展问题，即通常所说的“经济”问题。经济的快速优质增长和收入(财富)的公平合理分配一直是经济社会发展过程中人类不懈追求的两个重要目标。从动态的角度看，经济增长的过程是不断满足人们日益发展的多样化消费需求的过程，人类不能停止消费，因而也不能停止生产。经济增长是一个周而复始、不断扩大规模的再生产过程。与此相适应，收入分配也是一个循序渐进、累进叠加的动态过程。从世界经济发展史看，并非蛋糕做大了就能解决一切社会问题，只有兼顾公平的经济增长才是可持续的；也并非蛋糕分得均匀了就无忧无虑，只有兼顾增长的公平分配才是有意义的。经济增长与收入分配之间不仅可以实现“互动”，而且能够“互动”。政府可以根据经济发展的需要，对经济增长的过程和收入分配的格局进行调整，使经济持续快速稳定增长，同时使社会的每个成员都能分享到经济增长的利益，实现效率与平等、增长与分配的有机统一。经济增长与收入分配的“互动”可以是良性互动，即在制度安排有效、经济结构合理、政府再分配政策完善等条件下，一方面，持续的经济增长创造了更多的就业机会，扩大了居民的就业，通过就业的扩大使广大劳动者的收入得到增加，从而为改善居民收入分配状况奠定了物质基础；另一方面，广大人民群众和社会各阶层人士对经济增长成果和财富的分享，是推动经济持续、稳定增长的不竭动力，同时，收入分配状况的改善和合理的收入差距可以形成对经济增长各要素所有者的有效激励和刺激，进一步提高资源配置的效率，加快经济增长的速度，提高经济增长的质量。但是，如果不具备这种良性互动的条件，同样也可能导致经济增长与收入分配的恶性互动，即一方面由于制度安排存在缺陷，或者经济结构不合理，导致经济增长过程中收入分配的不均等，加上再分配政策不健全等因素，收入分配差距拉大，直至产生两极分化趋势；另一方面，由于收入分配领域的差距日益扩大和社会成员的贫富分化，限制了消费需求，制约了人力资源的开发，引起资源的畸形配置，最终阻碍了经济的持续、稳定增长。马克思主义经济理论和西方经济学家都对经济增长与收入分配作过大量的理论研究，并取得了丰硕的研究成果。但是，传统经济理论并没有针对经济增长与收入分配的互动进行系统深入的研究。从实践上看，发达国家在其早期的经济增长过程中，走的大多都是一条以牺牲收入公平分配和大多数民众利益为代价，来换取经济增长的工业化道路;战后，在一些发展中国家的经济发展过程中，经济增长与收入分配也常常处于顾此失彼的两难境地。作为一个整体，发展中国家在20世纪60年代曾取得过举世瞩目的成就。当它们以经济增长成功地超过第一个十年发展的预期目标而跨入70年代时，面临的却是收入分配状况恶化、失业问题和贫困问题等一系列现实而严峻的挑战。我国过去曾片面地追求分配的平等、进而误把平等理解为分配领域的绝对平均，导致平均主义泛滥，因而经济增长缓慢，人民生活水平改善和提高不快，留下了深刻的教训。 20世纪70年代末我国开始了一场从农村到城市的全面经济改革(转型)，并取得了令人瞩目的成效。从1979年以来的连续20年间，GDP年均增长9.7%，是新中国成立以来经济增长最快的时期。在这一过程中，，随着经济增长，城乡居民个人收入也有了大幅度增长，生活水平有了极大的改善和提高，人民生活己总体上达到小康水平。然而，20世纪90年代中后期以来，我国经济生活中开始出现一些问题，就经济增长与收入分配而言，问题主要表现在两方面。一方面，在持续快速的经济增长过程中，收入分配差距呈现不断扩大趋势;另一方面，收入分配差距的扩大对经济增长产生了消极的影响，在相当大程度上制约了经济的进一步持续、稳定增长。研究经济增长与收入分配的互动，就是要分析和研究两种不同的“互动” 的内涵、各自的前提和条件、作用机制、政策含义，并结合我国经济生活的实际，在对建国以来我国经济增长与收入分配互动的历史进行考察，以及对转型时期我国经济增长与收入分配的互动进行实证分析的基础上，提出构建经济增长与收入分配良性互动机制的对策。随着我国经济社会结构的转型，我国的经济体制、经济增长方式正在发生深刻转变，正在从传统的计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变，从传统的粗放型经济增长方式向现代集约型经济增长方式转变。在这几个深刻巨大的社会变革过程中，工业化、现代化的任务迫在眉睫。在我国实现工业化、现代化的过程中，摆脱经济停滞和启动经济增长的各种力量、因素和条件的形成，是否必然要以收入分配的恶化和收入差距的拉大甚至出现两极分化为代价呢? 经济增长与收入分配之间是否存在一种彼此兼顾、相互促进、良胜互动的可能性和现实性呢?近两年来，国内一些学者开始从“互动”的角度对经济增长与收入分配进行研究，并取得了令人瞩目的相关成果。这些学者的创新思维打破了传统研究方法的束缚，拓宽了人们的视野，但他们的研究还很不深入，也不系统。本文立足于中国经济转型的实际，以马克思
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, human beings have been confronted with the problems of survival and development, that is, the "economic" problem commonly referred to as the "economy". The rapid and high quality growth of the economy and the fair and rational distribution of income (wealth) have been two important goals for human unremitting pursuit in the process of economic and social development. From the dynamic angle, the process of economic growth is constantly satisfying people's day. In the process of diversified consumption demand development, human beings can not stop consumption and therefore can not stop production. Economic growth is a cycle that expands the process of reproduction. In accordance with this, income distribution is also a progressive, progressive and dynamic process. From the history of world economic development, it is not a big cake. All social problems can be solved. Only a fair economic growth is sustainable; neither is cake evenly divided, and it is meaningful only to give consideration to a fair distribution of growth.
Economic growth and income distribution can not only achieve "interaction", but can "interact". According to the needs of economic development, the government can adjust the process of economic growth and the pattern of income distribution, so that the economy will continue to increase rapidly and steadily. At the same time, every member of the society can share the interests of economic growth and realize the benefit of economic growth. Efficiency and equality, the organic unity of growth and distribution.
The "interaction" between economic growth and income distribution can be a benign interaction, that is, under the conditions of the effective system arrangement, reasonable economic structure, and the perfect redistribution policy of the government, on the one hand, the sustained economic growth has created more employment opportunities, expanded the employment of the residents, and increased the income of the workers through the expansion of employment, and On the other hand, the sharing of economic growth and wealth by the masses of the masses and people of all social strata is an inexhaustible driving force to promote economic growth and stable growth. At the same time, the improvement of income distribution and the reasonable income gap can form the elements of economic growth. The effective incentive and stimulation of the owner will further improve the efficiency of the allocation of resources, speed up the speed of economic growth and improve the quality of economic growth. However, if the conditions of this benign interaction are not available, it may also lead to a vicious interaction between economic growth and income distribution, that is, on the one hand, there is a defect in the system arrangement, or the economic knot. Unreasonable structure, resulting in the inequality of income distribution in the process of economic growth, and the unsound redistribution policy, and the widening of the income distribution gap until the polarization trend. On the other hand, the increasing gap in the income distribution and the differentiation of the rich and poor of the members of the society restricts the consumption demand and restricts the human resources. Development, resulting in the maldistribution of resources, finally hindered the sustained and steady growth of the economy.
Marx's economic theory and Western economists have done a great deal of theoretical research on economic growth and income distribution, and have achieved fruitful research results. However, the traditional economic theory does not systematically study the interaction between economic growth and income distribution. In practice, the developed countries are in their early stages.
In the process of economic growth, most of them are based on the equitable distribution of income and the interests of the majority of the people.
In exchange for economic growth in the industrialized way, after the war, the economic development of some developing countries was over.
In the process, economic growth and income distribution are often in a dilemma.
Developing countries have made remarkable achievements in 1960s.
Over the first ten years of development expectations, and in 70s, it was faced with income distribution.
A series of realistic and severe challenges such as deterioration of the situation, unemployment and poverty.
The pursuit of equality in distribution leads to the wrong understanding of equality as the absolute mean of distribution, leading to equalitarianism.
Excessive economic growth and rapid improvement of people's living standards left behind profound lessons.
In the late 1970s, China began a comprehensive economic reform (transformation) from rural to urban areas.
Remarkable results have been achieved. GDP has been growing by an average of 9.7% over the past 20 years since 1979.
In the process of economic growth since the founding of new China, in the process, with economic growth, urban and rural residents
The personal income of the people has also increased greatly, and the living standard has been greatly improved and improved.
On the whole, it has reached a well-off standard. However, since the middle and late 1990s, China's economic life has begun.
There are some problems. In terms of economic growth and income distribution, the problems are mainly manifested in two aspects.
In the process of sustained and rapid economic growth, the gap of income distribution has been expanding.
The expansion of income distribution has a negative impact on economic growth, and to a large extent restricts the economic growth.
It continues to grow steadily and steadily.
To study the interaction between economic growth and income distribution is to analyze and study two different "interactions".
The connotation, the respective premises and conditions, the mechanism of action, the policy implications, and the reality of China's economic life.
In the meantime, we have investigated the history of China's economic growth and income distribution since the founding of the people's Republic of China.
Based on the empirical analysis of the interaction between China's economic growth and income distribution, this paper proposes to build economic growth.
The Countermeasures of the positive interaction mechanism between the long and the income distribution.
With the transformation of China's economic and social structure, China's economic system and economic growth mode are taking place.
The profound transformation is changing from the traditional planned economy system to the socialist market economic system.
The extensive economic growth mode has changed to the modern intensive economic growth mode.
In the process of social transformation, the task of industrialization and modernization is imminent.
In the process of transformation, various forces, factors and conditions are emerging from economic stagnation and economic growth.
Is it necessary to take the deterioration of income distribution and widening the income gap or even polarization?
Is there a possibility of mutual consideration and mutual promotion between economic growth and income distribution?
Sex and reality? In recent two years, some domestic scholars began to study economic growth from the perspective of "interaction".
Research on income distribution and remarkable achievements have been made. The innovative thinking of these scholars is broken.
The constraints of traditional research methods have broadened people's horizons, but their research is far from thorough.
The system is based on the reality of China's economic transformation, with Marx.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F014.4

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