论拉卡托斯的“科学纲领”对经济学方法论的作用与影响

发布时间：2018-06-16 15:06

本文选题：经济学哲学 + 经济学方法论　；参考：《湘潭大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 西方主流经济学的方法论发展经历了四个阶段:前实证主义阶段;实证主义阶段;波普尔证伪主义阶段;历史主义阶段。从总体上来说,当前经济学方法论的研究处于从实证主义向历史主义和整体主义转变的时期。 20世纪80年代,科学哲学方法论中的拉卡托斯的精致证伪主义掀起了经济学界关于经济学方法论的大讨论和研究热潮,因为拉卡托斯的思想是在融合了波普尔的朴素证伪主义与库恩的历史主义的方法论基础上形成的,他的理论比波普尔朴素证伪主义更适合在经济学方法论中应用。拉卡托斯认为科学理论都是复杂的,是一个有内在结构的整体,它是由许多理论组成的理论系列。他提出了“科学研究纲领”这样一个理论体系作为理论评价的基本单位,一个科学研究纲领就是一系列的具有明显的连续性联系在一起的理论,它必须具有三个特征:它有一个公有的硬核,有一保护硬核的辅助保护带,以及指导科学纲领未来发展的启发法。如果一个理论系列的经验内容在增长,那么,它就是科学的,这就使科学与非科学分界标准的合理性问题更好地符合了科学史。而且,拉卡托斯阐述了关于“科学哲学与科学史相结合”的重要思想。他的科学研究纲领方法论汲取了科学哲学中主流方法论的合理性和精华,具有代表意义,标志着当代西方科学方法论的发展进入了“逻辑与历史相统一”的新阶段,对经济学方法论的研究具有重要的启迪性。本文力图揭示拉卡托斯的精致证伪主义的方法论对经济学方法论的影响,通过梳理科学研究纲领方法论在经济学中的应用情况,反思其进步性以及局限性,归纳出其方法论的正面和反面的启发意义。从经济学方法论的角度,为我国经济体制转型期的经济学理论体系的构建提供几点本人的建议和意见来供参考。希望中国特色经济学理论在马克思经济学方法论的指导下,能够解决和预见市场经济体系完善过程中出现的各种现实问题,更好地为我国构建社会主义的和谐社会服务。
[Abstract]:The methodology development of western mainstream economics has experienced four stages: pre-positivism stage, Popper falsification stage and historicism stage. Generally speaking, the current research on economics methodology is in the period of transition from positivism to historicism and holism. The refined falsification of Lakatos in the methodology of philosophy of science set off an upsurge of discussion and research on the methodology of economics in the field of economics. Because Lakatos's theory is formed on the basis of integrating Popper's naive falsification with Kuhn's historicism, his theory is more suitable for application in economic methodology than Popper's. Lakatos believes that scientific theories are complex and a whole with internal structure. It is a series of theories composed of many theories. He put forward a theoretical system of "Scientific Research Program" as the basic unit of theoretical evaluation. A scientific research program is a series of theories with obvious continuity. It must have three characteristics: it has a public hard core, an auxiliary protective band to protect the hard core, and an heuristic method to guide the future development of the scientific program. If the empirical content of a theoretical series is growing, then it is scientific, which makes the rationality of the dividing standard between science and non-science better accord with the history of science. Moreover, Lakatos elaborated the important thought about the combination of philosophy of science and history of science. His methodology of scientific research program has absorbed the rationality and essence of the mainstream methodology in philosophy of science, and has the representative meaning. It marks the new stage of the development of contemporary western scientific methodology, which is "the unity of logic and history". The study of economics methodology has important enlightenment. This paper tries to reveal the influence of Lakatos's methodology of refined falsification on the methodology of economics, and by combing the application of methodology of scientific research program in economics, this paper reflects on its progress and limitation. The positive and negative implications of its methodology are summed up. From the angle of economic methodology, this paper provides some suggestions and suggestions for the construction of economic theory system in the transition period of economic system of our country. It is hoped that the theory of economics with Chinese characteristics, guided by the methodology of Marxist economics, can solve and foresee all kinds of practical problems in the process of perfecting the market economy system, and better serve the construction of a harmonious socialist society in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：F091.3

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