当代西方法经济学的分析范式研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 13:06

【摘要】： 法经济学是西方法学的一个重要流派，，其特色就是应用经济学的理论和方法来研究与理解法律问题。本文从分析范式这个角度出发，深入讨论法经济学的经济学基础，目的一是对法经济学有深刻的理解，二是检验法律的经济学分析的成败得失，指出法经济学的未来发展方向。库恩等认为科学的完整范式应当包括形而上学范式、社会学范式和构造范式三个层次。法经济学的发展经历了范式提出、接受、质疑的过程，其分析范式就是法经济学所使用的经济学分析方法。理性选择理论是法经济学的形而上学范式。理性选择理论将法律规则看成是隐性价格体系，将法律规则约束下的行为选择类比于市场价格体系下的行为选择，从而使经济学的分析方法和理念都可以顺理成章地用于分析法律规则约束下的选择行为。但是行为经济学、实验经济学等已经证明存在一些理性选择理论的“反常现象”，这表明理性选择理论需要进一步发展。科斯的《社会成本问题》一文及其核心——科斯定理，构成了法经济学的社会学范式。交易成本概念将法律引入经济学视野中，交易成本方法则提供了分析法律的经济影响的方法。由此科斯统一了先前散碎的对法律和经济之间关系的关注，指出了进一步的研究方向和领域。科斯定理成为法经济学诞生的标志。谈判理论是法经济学的构造范式。它认为自愿合作是实现效率的最佳途径，但有许多因素使自愿合作难以进行。促成合作及克服合作障碍的经济理论构成了法律规则的理论依据，也将法律的经济学分析统一到了“效率主题”之下。法律的博弈分析集中研究法律规则下行为人之间的对策行为，开辟了放弃“市场至上”观念的通道，使我们按照制度本身的规定性来理解制度成为可能。博弈分析具有分析非市场制度的优势，由此使其正在发展成为法经济学的新构造范式。 WP=4基于以上分析，本文认为法经济学的发展依赖于理性选择理论这一基础范式的进步。本文从形式和内容两个方面对“理性”概念进行了精炼，提出了“新理性选择理论”。相信法经济学以此为基础会有更加广阔的发展前景。
[Abstract]:Law and economics is an important school of western jurisprudence, which is characterized by the application of the theory and method of economics to study and understand legal issues. From the perspective of analytical paradigm, this paper discusses the basis of economics of law and economics in depth. The purpose of this paper is to have a deep understanding of law and economics, and to test the success or failure of economic analysis of law, and to point out the future development direction of law and economics. Kuhn and others think that the complete paradigm of science should include metaphysical paradigm, sociological paradigm and structural paradigm. The development of law and economics has experienced the process of putting forward, accepting and questioning the paradigm, and its analytical paradigm is the economic analysis method used by law and economics. Rational choice theory is the metaphysical paradigm of law and economics. The rational choice theory regards the legal rules as the hidden price system, and compares the behavior choice under the legal rules with the behavior choice under the market price system. Thus, the analytical methods and concepts of economics can be used to analyze the choice behavior under the restriction of legal rules. However, behavioral economics and experimental economics have proved that there are some "abnormal phenomena" in rational choice theory, which indicates that rational choice theory needs to be further developed. Coase's Social cost problem and its core, the Coase Theorem, constitute the sociological paradigm of law and economics. The concept of transaction cost introduces law into the field of economics, while the method of transaction cost provides a way to analyze the economic impact of law. Coase unifies the previous scattered concerns about the relationship between law and economy, and points out the further research directions and fields. Coase Theorem has become the symbol of the birth of law and economics. Negotiation theory is the structural paradigm of law and economics. It believes that voluntary cooperation is the best way to achieve efficiency, but there are many factors that make voluntary cooperation difficult. The economic theory which promotes cooperation and overcomes the obstacle of cooperation constitutes the theoretical basis of legal rules and unifies the economic analysis of law under the theme of efficiency. The game analysis of law focuses on the countermeasure behavior among the actors under the legal rules, which opens up the channel of giving up the idea of "market supremacy" and makes it possible for us to understand the system according to the regulation of the system itself. Game analysis has the advantage of analyzing non-market institutions, which makes it develop into a new structural paradigm of law and economics. WP=4 based on the above analysis, This paper holds that the development of law and economics depends on the progress of the basic paradigm of rational choice theory. In this paper, the concept of rationality is refined from the aspects of form and content, and the theory of new rational choice is put forward. It is believed that law and economics will have a broader development prospect on this basis.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：F01

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